From Songs of Limbs and Flesh and Heart Perhaps Too :: Creative Writing Essays

From Songs of Limbs and Flesh and Heart Perhaps Too "Am I desirable?" le dà ©sir/ desire Without the consistent reminder that the amorous subject is found sexually appealing, there is an attention to physical detail, a reassessment of worth, and of balance between what is called "inner and outer beauty" 1. In the mirror I am searching for what the other will be drawn to. And not only the other, but anyone: strangers, foes, past lovers. I am scanning legs, hair, and curve of thigh. Is it elbow, or nape of neck? For though in the past I fled from those who took little interest in me "as a person," I now crave this one-track regard just when I at last seem to be appreciated for "who I am." Hence a constant sense of unrest, seeking an other who balances these two desires. (Although I am inclined to believe that the latter must have, to some degree, the same lure to the superficial, only is more capable of hiding it for reasons of character or perhaps sexual feat.) 2. I have bought these new clothes - tighter/shorter/more exposing - for the purpose that the other will take note of the way my body looks in them, for a possible verbal response to a carnal reaction. Here I do not expect much, but wish perhaps the other could muster the words of Federico Garcia Lorca, "To see you naked is to remember the earth." I am thus seeking affirmation, approval. It boils down to ordinary sexual attention. I need to be reminded that the other finds me more than sufficiently, irresistibly at times, alluring. II. Looking at Lips I was once told that the dent between our lips and our noses is the fingerprint of an angel who has erased all knowledge of past lives before we are reborn into new ones. I find that my pinky fits nicely into mine, and wonder if perhaps fuller-lipped people had more memory that needed erasing, more interesting lives to be forgotten. Today my lips feel warm. They are chapping and at last picking up color, which I welcome (sans chapstick) to my otherwise pale features. In elementary school, my teachers seemed thin-lipped. In fashion magazines, gaunt women are featured with round, luscious lips. I can imagine the way their lips bundle up for the lipstick, then relax, allowing the colored stick to pull them side to side.

Food Security in India

Food security is access to enough food by all people at all time for an active and healthy life. In the past concentrated efforts were made to achieve food security by increasing food grain production. Thanks to the impact of green revolution though, it was limited to same crops and too in limited states. To ensure easy access to food at household level, government monopolizes grain management and subsidized food gains. Paradoxically, India attained national food self-sufficiency 35 years ago yet about 35% of its population remains food insecure. Low incomes and high food prices prevent individual food security. Another aspect of Indian food security situation is that after over three decades of operation, public distribution system meets less than 10% of consumption of PDS grains– rice and wheat –by the poor. At the global level, poor harvest coupled with rising demand has led to and overall increase in food prices. Unfavorable weather conditions in parts of Europe and North Africa, together with worst ever drought in Australia put stocks of major food crops, especially wheat, at record low levels. Tight supply pushed up the prices of wheat to unprecedented heights, significantly affecting food inflation across the globe including India. Surging food grain prices and worsening global supplies are now bringing the domestic food crisis to the boil. The crisis has been building up for sometime. The food grains yields of India farmers are not going up. Grain output has been stagnating for over a decade and there is a growing gap between supply and demand. Attaining long-term food security requires the raising of incomes and making food affordable. To ensure food security for the vulnerable section of the society a multiple pronged stately is to be evolved. To begin with all the existing social safety net programmes need amalgamation and should focus on vulnerable and underprivileged regions and groups. The existing anti-poverty programmes may be made more transparent with better government that minimizes leakages and benefits from such programmes. Simultaneously, agriculture needs to be reformed by improving incentives, incentives, increasing in vestment etc. So that production of traditional and high-value commodities can be increased. Unfortunately agriculture is in the grip of poor performance. Traditional sources of augmenting income are ceresin. Production environment is changing it is not dominated by small holders. With the shrinking land holdings, their sustainability and viability can not rely solely on production of food grains. To augment their income, small holders need to diversify their production and crops. Ten years after the dismantling of the universal public distribution system systems, the statistical jugglery of the targeted food distribution system actually excludes millions of poor in both the BPL and APL categories. Targeting is linked to neoli9beral policies that seek to limit, if not eliminate, the government’s welfare responsibilities. The denial of the right to food for a large section of the Indian population reflected in increased malnourishment strutted growth, ill health and loss of energy and therefore productivity is an issue that deserves more national attention. If countries agree to be graded in terms of provision of food security to their citizens, India would rank along with Ethiopia at the lower end. The United Nations children’s fund report that tone out of every tow children in India in malnourished confirms the lopsided priorities of successive governments at the centre that seek to narrow fiscal deficits by reducing food subsidies. Until 1996, India has universal PDS. There it introduced the targeted system with the mistaken notion that the infirmities of the PDS should be curbed and that it would enable subsidized grain to reach those who actually needed it. India now has 10 years of experience of the targeted (into APL and BPL ouseholds with access to foodgrain at different prices) and further targeted (into BPL and Antyodaya households) system. Last year, the planning commission did an evolutions of the PDS and found that 57% of the poor hand been actually excluded from the BPL system. Earlier the Abhijit Sen committee had also come up with similar findings, pointing to the utter failure of the targeted system, and suggested a return to the universal PDS. For these schemes is a major problem. If only those who are officially identified as poor can have access to food, then clearly the method has ensured accuracy. The prevailing method of identification is entirely unsatisfactory. There are two sets of estimates. The estimate that is linked to allocations of foodgrain is made by the planning commission. According to a replay given in parliament, the present concept of the poverty line is based on the per capita consumption expenditure needed to attain a minimum amount of calorie intake out of food consumption along with a minimum amount of not-food expenditure in order to meet the requirements of clothing, shelter and transport, among other things. This is based on the methodology suggested by the Lakdawala committee in 1993 and the population projections of the registrar-general of India as of march 12000. Shockingly, according to the current assessments, it works out to around Rs. 11 an adult a day clearly; this is not a poverty line but a destitution line. Earlier foodgrain allocations were not linked to poverty line assessments but were open-ended depending on past utilization by the states. The linkages came along with the targeted system. This creates another anomaly. The rural development ministry has set of programmes for BPL families. According to current estimates, 6 crore households in India come under the BPL category. That such a large number of people are earning less than Rs 330 a month is shocking enough. But what is cruel is that anyone earning above this meager monthly income is classified as APL and excluded from the right to subsidized foodgrain. The very words ‘Above Poverty Line’ misleading because they include a vast section of poor who have been denied their entitlements through statistical fraud and jugglery to serve a neoliberal agenda. The need for subsidized food grains for a wider section of people is also reflected in increased off take. While the off take in the Antyodaya system is around 90%, showing the desperate need of people for cheap foodgrain, the off take for BPL has doubled in the past few 73. 67 lakh tones to 228. 45 lakh tones in 2005-06 out of an allocation of 273. 20 lakh tones which constitutes 83%- of the allocation. As far as APL is concerned, the off take is much lower not because people do not need the grain but because for several years there was not much difference in the APL price and the market price. The central issue price for wheat is Rs 7. 50 a kg. For rice the price range is from Rs 10 in Gujarat and Maharashtra for a kg to Rs 9 in Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. As current market prices of foodgrain have shot up, the demand for APL foodgrain will definitely increase but the poor offtake of the grain in the demand for APL foodgrain will definitely increase but the poor off take of the grains in the past few years is being cited by the government to cut allocations, precisely when people require it more. Since rise procurement is reportedly up by around 28 lakh tones, it is possible for the central government to replace wheat allocations will rise at least for the time being in consultation with the states. Instead of taking such a step, the Centre is proposing a cut in allocation. The demand for a revision of poverty assessment also needed. Secondly, the neglect of foodgrain production consequent to the new agricultural policy’s emphasis on export-oriented cash crops is a major reason for current shortfalls in wheat production. The third Issue is that of procurement of wheat. Wheat deficits to the extent of 29 lakh tones below the buffer stock norms leading to imports for the first time in decades are a result of the deliberate policy of the government to cut down procurement on the one hand and encourage private trade on the other. Big farmers who could hold on to their stocks would have benefited from the higher price offered later, but the bulk of the peasantry sold their produce to traders at price below the Rs 700 offered three week too late by the government, the FCI had been given the same leeway as private trade, then the present dismal record of low procurement could have been avoided. Shockingly, the government offered the Indian farmer almost Rs 100 less than what it paid foreign trades. The concerning of the stock by private trade has permitted wheat hoarding, which has pushed market prices up by Rs 5-6 a kg. Decades of building a food security system can be wiped out by such neoliberal ideologies that undermine the principal of self-reliance. Besides, it reflects a naive belief that international prices will remain static whereas clearing international trades are waiting to maximize profits through wheat imports as higher, price to India. Further, a dangerous concession by way of lowering of phytosanitary standards in the quality of wheat is also being planned- This must be opposed strongly. India can spend thousands of crores to protect itself through nuclear might but can render itself completely vulnerable by losing its greatest achievement, the backbone of sovereignty—– food self-sufficiency. With this approach, the situation on the rice front could follow a similar disastrous pattern in the future. It also raises the question of whether it is appropriate to combine the Agriculture Ministry with the food and Public Distribution Ministry. Fourthly, the FCI is being weakened systematically. The employment schemes of Government, which offer part of the payment in food grains. Play an important part in the provision of food security, through inadequate. The move to cut back on this component will also cut down on the real wages of the worker. With the current high prices of wheat and other essential commodities, What the worker grains in cash is less than what he/she has to pay for his/her foodgrain needs in the market. What needs to be done is improve the system – whether of procurement agencies, the fair price shops or the methods of distribution – but not to destroy them. But that is what the Food and Public Distribution Department seems to be proposing. People –centered reform requires a return to the universal PDS. During periods of high inflation in food prices, governments must provide a basic minimum quantity of food grain and other food items at low prices through public distribution systems to low-income, food-insecure, and vulnerable populations. In India, the ostensible purpose of the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) was to take food to the poor; in practice, it has resulted in the large scale exclusion of the poor and food-insecure from the public food system. Recent evidence from a report titled Public Distribution system and other Sources of Household Consumption 2004-5 (GOI. 2007), which presents data from the 61st Round of the National Sample Survey (NSS), establishes that targeting has led to high rates of exclusion of needy household from the Public Distribution System (PDS) and cleared deterioration of coverage in States like Kerala where the universal PDS was most effective. Let me illustrate with evidence from rural India. The recent report of the National Sample Survey gives us an insight into the magnitude and nature of this exclusion from the PDS. At the all-India level, 70. 5 per cent of rural households either possessed no card or held an APL card. Since household with APL card are effectively excluded from the PDS, the majority of rural households in India are excluded from the PDS. The NSS Report also allows us to classify-by caste, occupation, land ownership and consumer expenditure category-the household that are excluded from the PDS. The NSS maintains five types of rural households, based on information on source of income; self-employed (agriculture), self employed (non-agriculture), agricultural labour, other labour and other households. We focus on agricultural labour, since manual agricultural labour households are undoubtedly among those most in need of access to the PDS. The all India average indicates that 52percent of agricultural households either had no card or an APL card. The corresponding proportion was 96 per cent in Manipur, 68 per cent in Rajasthan and Assam, 71 per cent in Bihar and 73 percent in Uttar Pradesh. Can 70 per cent of agricultural labour households be considered as ineligible for the PDS? There were only four States in which two thirds or more of agricultural labour households were not excluded from the PDS (that is, held a BPL or Antyodaya ration card). These States were Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir and Tripura. Secondly, we examine the social back-ground of households, focusing on Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Treble households. We have selected only those States where the rural Scheduled Caste population is more than 10 percent of the total population. In rural areas, there is known to be substantial degree of overlap between the Scheduled Caste status, blandness and poverty. The NSS data shows that 70 per cent or more of Scheduled Caste households had no card or an APL card in rural area of Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan and Utter Pradesh. Among these states, only Punjab is a cereal-surplus State. At the all-India level, 60 per cent of the scheduled Caste households in rural areas were effectively excluded from the PDS. States with a lower degree of exclusion of Scheduled Caste households were Karnataka (27 per cent excluded), Andhra Pradesh (31 per cent), and Kerala (38 per cent). A large number of households belonging to the Scheduled Tribes, Again, do not have access to the PDS: to illustrate, 90 per cent of rural Scheduled Tribe households in Assam, 79 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh and 68 per cent in Chhattisgarh were excluded from the PDS. Surprisingly, the North Eastern Sates did not perform too well on this count (though again there may be a problem of data quality). There were only four states – Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat and Maharashtra-where more than 50 per cent of rural Scheduled Tribe Households had received a BPL or Antyodaya card. The NSS report classifies households by the extent of land they possessed. It is not noted that land possessed† refers to all types of land and includes agricultural land, homestead land and non-agricultural land. It is not surprising, then, that a very small proportion of households are reported as landless. I have therefore grouped together the two categories of landless. Again, the conclusion is that a very high proportion of landless and near landless household did not possess BPL or Antyodaya cards (86 per cent in Sikkim, 80 percent Goa, 79 per in Uttar Pradesh. 6 per cent in Haryana, 75 per cent in Jharkhand, and 74 per cent in Uttaranchal, for example) and were thus effectively excluded from the PDS. In striving for â€Å"efficiency† by means of narrow targeting households that should be entitled to basic food security through the PDS have been left out. The data from the 61st round of the NSS make it quite clear that a high proportion of agricultural labour and o ther labour households, of households belonging to Scheduled Caste and the scheduled Tribes, of households with little or no land and households in the lowest expenditure classes, are effectively excluded from the PDS today.

Benjamin Harrison - The 23rd President of the United States

Benjamin Harrison was the grandson of Americas ninth president, William Henry Harrison. He was a Civil War hero, having ended the was as a brigadier general. He dealt with civil service reform and fighting against monopolies and trusts while he was president. Following is a list of fast facts for Benjamin Harrison. For more in depth information, you can also read the Benjamin Harrison Biography Birth: August 20, 1833 Death: March 13, 1901 Term of Office: March 4, 1889-March 3, 1893 Number of Terms Elected: 1 Term First Lady: Caroline Lavinia Scott - She died of tuberculosis while he was in office. Caroline was key in building the Daughters of the American Revolution.   Benjamin Harrison Quote: Unlike many other people less happy, we give our devotion to a Government, to its Constitution, to its flag, and not to men.Additional Benjamin Harrison Quotes Major Events While in Office: Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890)Electricity Installed in White House (1891) States Entering Union While in Office: Montana (1889)Washington (1889)South Dakota (1889)North Dakota (1889)Wyoming (1890)Idaho (1890) Related Benjamin Harrison Resources: These additional resources on Benjamin Harrison can provide you with further information about the president and his times. Benjamin Harrison BiographyTake a more in depth look at the twenty-third president of the United States through this biography. Youll learn about his childhood, family, early career, and the major events of his administration. Chart of Presidents and Vice Presidents This informative chart gives quick reference information on the presidents, vice-presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: Grover ClevelandGrover ClevelandList of American Presidents

Hamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay - 1252 Words

The play Hamlet is without a doubt one of the most famous pieces of literature in history. William Shakespeare beautifully crafts the play in a way that captivates his audience’s attention and causes them to reflect upon their own livelihood. Shakespeare includes many different occurring themes throughout the story, which he uses to show the consequences of human desires. One of these reoccurring themes that dictate the outcome of the play is the desire of revenge, which will ultimately lead an individual down a path of destruction. Shakespeare places this desire in the heart of the two different characters and shows how detrimental an outcome may become because of this corrupt desire. This desire for revenge consumes the characters in a way that makes their decision-making unreasonable and brings more chaos to the situation. These character’s decisions not only impact themselves, but also impact those around them in a substantial way. Characters such as Hamlet and Laer tes have little concern of those around them as they seek to bring themselves comfort during their time of suffering. One may also observe the suffering revenge inflicts to those who are not even involved in the original situation. The first character inflicted with this desire of revenge is no other than the main character Hamlet himself, who begins to develop an enmity towards those around him. Once Hamlet comes face to face with the ghost of his deceased father, he is promptly influenced to seek vengeanceShow MoreRelatedHamlet, By William Shakespeare880 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is praised as the pioneering English poet and playwright whose collection of theatrical works is regarded as the greatest artistic value throughout the history of English literature. Shakespeare delved into the spiritual and mental component of humanity and the consequences that arise from this human spirit when it is disputed. The most famous revenge tragedy play, Hamlet, is an excellent illustration of Shakespeare’s philosophical study of human nature. In Hamlet, the arguableRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, author of Hamlet, was a well-known author in the 1500s and is still popular today. He was born on April 24, 1564 in London, England. Although there were no birth records at that time, it shows he was baptized one year prior to that, which leads us to believe his birthday was in 1564 because children were normally baptized a year after their birth. Shakespeare’s writing style was very different than others at that time. He used many metaphors and rhetorical phrases, and most ofRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, written by William Shakespeare, with out a doubt holds the most famous soliloquy in English history spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i, lines 57-90. This soliloquy holds much importance to the play as a whole because it ties together the reoccurring t hemes of suicide and Hamlet’s inaction portrayed by Shakespeare. Hamlet poses a problem, which is the driving force of the play: â€Å"To be or not to be?†(III.i.57). Shakespeare uses this logical question asked by Hamlet to drive out his underlyingRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, the protagonist suffers from struggles with major characters, especially with the women in his life. While reading the play Hamlet, Hamlet appears to be a disillusioned man. Throughout the play, Shakespeare has only casted two females: Gertrude and Ophelia. Gertrude is defined to be incestuous, naà ¯ve and cold-hearted. On the other side, Ophelia is characterized to be ignorant, innocent and fearful. After the quick marriage of his mother and evil uncle, Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1308 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is arguably one of the greatest tragedies in all of literature and when most people think of tragic plays, they think of none other than the one who wrote it, William Shakespeare. This classic story of revenge excites it’s readers with its main character, Prince Hamlet, who goes through the unique human-like process of revenge that is often overlooked. Many other stories rely heavily on the logi c of good people doing good things and bad people doing bad things just for the sake of their natureRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects of mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. The main character, Hamlet, finds himself questioning the quality of life and the uncertainty of the afterlife once he discovers news of his father s death and the corruption in the kingdom that follows. Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover, is found dead later in the plot and is presumed to have committed suicide. In Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1146 Words   |  5 PagesA character so complex, enticing and fascinating, his name is Hamlet. We are all Hamlet, and that, is the argument. Hamlet is an enigmatic character with many flaws. These flaws are the ones that prove similarities between us and him. A play so popular and significant is due to its huge relevance to us as a society. In the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses Hamlet’s character and metaphor to demonstrate that when one is left alone to their thoughts, these thoughts overtake reason. ConsequentlyRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, takes place in a time where the impossible was a part of the lives of everyday people. Occurrences that people in the modern time would believe unbelievable. Yet, with just a quill and parchment Shakespeare’s is able to connect the past and present by weaving a plot with skill that is still unparalleled to this day. The play Hamlet this exceeds this expectation by revealing depth of Hamlets, the protagonists, character personality through the useRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1920 Words   |  8 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the character Hamlet must deal with both external and internal conflict. Hamlet encounters many struggles and has trouble finding a way to deal with them. With so many corrupt people in his life, Hamlet feels as if there is no one that he can trust and begins to isolate himself from others. A result from this isolation leads Hamlet to become melancholy. Hamlet struggles with suicidal thoughts, wants to kill King Claudius, and is distraught over his mother’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare846 Words   |  4 Pagesalways been a contemplative topic. In Hamlet, the main character Hamlet thinks to himself about suicide. Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet between 1599 and 1602. William Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights in history. Hamlet is about Prince Hamlet of Denmark who is trying to find out about the death of his father after his father s ‘ghost’ comes to him telling him it was his uncle who had killed him. While Hamlet contemplates suicide he gives his famous

Importance Of Revelation Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Hailey Thornton Professor Daniels February 7, 2017 HUM 2020-448448 Exam One How does each of the following religions reflect the importance of revelation: Judaism, Christianity, Islam? What do these faiths have in common? What are their main differences? Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are all faith based religions with the shared belief in revelation, which in the text is described as â€Å" the divine disclosure of sacred knowledge† (Ch. 4 Pg. 95). All three of these religions show the importance of revelation, whether it be through John the Baptist in the jordan river, through Muhammad in the Arabian desert, or through a burning bush in the middle of the desert with Moses. In Christianity the importance of revelation is shown through none†¦show more content†¦I have heard them crying out because of their slave drivers, and I am concerned about their suffering. So I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land into a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey—the home of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites. And now the cry of the Israelites has reached me, and I have seen the way the Egyptians are oppressi ng them. So now, go. I am sending you to Pharaoh to bring my people the Israelites out of Egypt.† But Moses said to God, â€Å"Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and bring the Israelites out of Egypt?† And God said, â€Å"I will be with you. And this will be the sign to you that it is I who have sent you: When you have brought the people out of Egypt, you will worship God on this mountain.† Moses said to God, â€Å"Suppose I go to the Israelites and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ Then what shall I tell them?† God said to Moses, â€Å"I am who I am. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: ‘I am has sent me to you.’† God also said to Moses, â€Å"Say to the Israelites, ‘The Lord, the God of your fathers—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob—has sent me to you.’ â€Å"This is my name forever , the name you shall call me from generation to generation. â€Å"Go, assemble the elders of Israel and say toShow MoreRelatedThe Three Major Religions Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe Major Religions Judaism, Christianity and Islamic Humanities 101 August 28, 2010 Strayer University The major religions in the world are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic religions, namely they believe that there is only one God. All three religions believe that this God is the origin and source of all that exists. God cares about the entire creation and desires the well-being of all. God is just and has provided basicRead MoreThe Religion of Islam Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesIslam is derived from the Arabic root salaama meaning peace, purity, submission and obedience. Islam stands for making peace by submitting to the will of God and obeying His law. Jews and Christians view Islam as the latest of the worlds great religions. However, worldwide Muslims (sometimes written Moslems) understand their universal religion as the final religion and the primal religion. As final, Islam is Gods final revelation of prophetic religion, in fulfillment of all that hadRead MoreWorld Religions Final Home Exam : Relationship Between Christianity, Islam And Judaism2108 Words   |  9 PagesWorld Religions Final Home Exam: Relationship between Christianity, Islam Judaism By: Ackshan Devakumar Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are three major monotheistic religions that share many similar characteristics. However, they also have key differences as well. 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Bbnmb Free Essays

Elective classes such as art, music, gym, and auto mechanics are an important part of a students schedule during school. They give the children an opportunity to express themselves and their uniqueness, gives them a chance to interact and be sociable, and gives them experience for possible future careers. Reasons such as these are why we should not eliminate these subjects from schools. We will write a custom essay sample on Bbnmb or any similar topic only for you Order Now Uniqueness is a primary concern. Different varieties of art and music classes are offered as electives in school systems today. My school offers digital art, commercial art, and AD and AD drawing classes. Students can also participate in different music classes such as chorus, jazz band, and symphonic band. These classes give students the opportunity to express themselves through something they enjoy doing in many different ways. The electives are designed to specifically cater to a certain individual and what their skills are. Although electives do cost a significant amount of money and have a lot of needs that must be met, they greatly benefit the students and should not be removed from the school systems. In Dalton to uniqueness, social skills are also a factor. Elective classes such as gym are not as serious and strict as other core classes’ students sit in all day. It allows children to get up, move around, and socialize. In the novel â€Å"Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie†, the protagonist has one class out of the six with his friend and that one class is what he looks forward to every day. It was the only class he had a chance to socialize and be outgoing in. The electives give students a mental break from the rigorous classes they participate in and lets them be kids. Classes like these are essential for a child’s social skills and mental health. With social skills In mind, experience Is also an Issue. Many electives that are offered are Intended to prepare students for a future career Involving that elective. My school offers early childhood development classes and business technology classes that prep you for a job in those fields. You take multitudes of tests and complete a variety of projects to become certified in that field. For example, if you take all three years of the early childhood elective classes you will have the requirements that are needed to be a preschool teacher. These electives will end up avian the student time and money and giving them a head start once they go to college to train for their careers. In the novel â€Å"Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie† the main character takes Journalism for an elective unintentionally and ends up being one of the best Journalists at the school and really enjoys himself. Elective classes that are offered In the school systems may do the same for the students that are enrolled there. It Is a vital part of a students every day school life that should not be eliminated. That although eliminating elective classes would save money, it should not be done. How to cite Bbnmb, Papers

Commentary and Projections Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Commentary and Projections Accounting. Answer: Introduction The current article considered to offer an in-depth description of the chosen article Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. This article is mainly focused towards the investigation of accounting in a positive sense, which will primarily try to synchronise the structure of accounting as per the depiction of human behaviour except the notion of profit after tax in the accounting theory (Apostolou et al. 2016). However, the research on the theory of positive accounting had witnessed a few drawbacks. There have been various difficulties during such research which includes clouded speculative model, huge dependence on the prototype hypothesis and negligence over numerical values. Article Summary In the main article, the positive side of accounting has been focused during the research phase. It has been identified by Ballwieser et al. (2012) that research on the notion of accounting to test its positivism is a part of a project, which relied on great intellect. Thus this can be defined as a scientific research which actually tests the cause and effect relations within the accounting theory. The research on accounting positivism has witnessed some deficiencies but the same has been analysed through thorough study of various papers which includes significant auditing works. It has also been observed that this research on the positivism has some drawbacks. There are some of the loopholes which has been detected in the in the current method of research even after studying various papers in order to deal with the objectives of the research. Furthermore, the description, which has been provided, by Bedford and Ziegler (2016) depicts the notion of normal science which is directly re lated to the positive research of accounting. In the Kuhnian crisis, various possibilities are significantly stated which are the revolutionary in order to achieve the important potential of accounting. Propers criterion has been examined by the researchers also explains that the process of induction does not measure the acuteness of the theory in proper manner. Moreover, the article has also presented the false claims of the positive accounting theories in short reviews. Hence, four major classes have been presented to highlight the significance of the theory, which includes internal impact, measurement of errors, inefficiency of relativity theory and finally that external impact (Bromwich and Scapens 2016). The main objective behind the same was to ensure the non-subjective existence of the specific theory in the observation. This might also be done by selecting between various theories for better understanding and accuracy. In addition to the same, the decision taking observations will claim the falsification of the theories which are unsuitable along with revealing supportive nature towards the particular opposing theory. This article is headed towards pointing out the particular deficiencies along with the logical analysis of the hypothesis bases on the statistical testing. It has also considered as a tempered version of the proper logic (Chatfield and Vangermeersch 2014). The main concern is actually associated with the hypothesis testing with help of statistical tools within the null hypothesis that is very much dependent on the supplementary possibilities. Hence, if the technical issue could not be solved then chances of improved possibility of the hypothesis testing might fail. Research Question/ Hypothesis The research using the concept of hypothesis has been implemented in order to validate the legitimacy of the positive accounting research (Colasse and Durand 2014). H0: The existence of the universe is true which is beyond the level of imagination of an individual H1: All the events in this universe have several reasons that develops a fraction of the overall universe H2: The people those are normal can be able to attain increasingly dependable information in consideration to the observations support H3: The aim of the intellectual property is to use all the obtained informations for attaining useful global understanding of the universe that is mainly causation In order to investigate the first hypothesis, many illustrations on the positive research within the accounting have been offered. In consideration to the views of Crawford and Lepine (2013) the operation of certain rational self-interest among important parties those communicated with implied along with express contracts has resulted in the explaining the appropriate accounting technique. For evaluating the third hypothesis, the researcher has considered explaining scientific ontology along with epistemology, which signifies that the positive accounting study is not identical to the accounting research. In contrast, Deegan (2016) revealed that specific events do not occur either randomly or as the output of intervention from the outer universe. For providing an in-depth evaluation on the third hypothesis, the researcher has signified falsification along with the hypothesis testing in order to explain the research validity. This is the major reason and in consideration to the offered theory careful observation is deemed required through the means of which all the major ideas can be collected (Gaffikin and Aitken 2014). In alignment, it can be gathered that formal theory can be implemented with testable suppositions, which is associated with the existing dependent and certain vital empirical evidences. Several estimations of the innovative theory can be analysed in consideration the new observations in ample situations in which all the new long with old theories has the capability to make many estimations. For evaluating the final hypothesis, many models can is required to be tested with a specific focus or aspect. In consideration to the same, researchers namely Dyckman and Zeff (2015) revealed that the mental models could b e used in order to generate the casual techniques taking place within the universe. This is the major reason considering which the researcher has generated the above hypothesis that is flowed inadequately in the section of literature review. Theoretical Structure The theoretical frameworks those are mentioned in the article for aligning with the study objectives are explained below: Instances of the Positive Research in Accounting: The self-interest operation balance between the selected parties is deemed the result through the implied or expressed contracts in numerous types of organizations (Guthrie and Parker 2016). This signifies the accounting choices on the managers, pricing and the reporting decisions from the side of the auditors, the decision of the regulators is consideration to standard setting along with the professional aspects of academics. It is considered vital that for estimating the types of information that is used by the investor for investment purposes. This signifies that the nature of the human beings is rational. Moreover, this is possible in type of games that is occurred from the positive accounting theory (Henderson et al. 2015). Conversely, after the investigation of the several accounting researches, the settings based on the accounting is evaluated other than coherent behaviour like the technique through which the audit professional s make numerous judgements and the way in which the managers implement the discretion in the systems of performance analysis. This is because such instances intend to explain that the positive research is wider than the theory of positive accounting. Needs for the Effective Program of Positive Research: Considering the chosen article, it was considered that a rapid testing of the difficult models those need superior evaluation of the variable measurements. In addition to this, analytical modelling is the one that is considered extremely vital for generating and analysing the theoretical models (Gow et al. 2016). In order to implement the analytical modelling in the positive accounting research intention, the field before occupation is required to transform from the tractability to the plausibility. The researcher has also made certain that high focus on the measurement is required other than just analysing. This is because along with accounting, certain bias can be linked to the well-built publication that is existent against the dimension other than the same related with the theory. Scientific Epistemology Along with Ontology: It was explained that the epistemology could be considered as a scientific area that has an intention to reveal numerous assessable approaches for gaining a great knowledge on the outer world (Everett et al. 2015). In contrast to that, ontology has developed roles nature, associations along with practices that signify that the social universe is not that efficient to serve as objective sustenance devoid of human beings, the participants and the activities does not need developing numerous rational causes. Additionally, the universe cannot be considered devoid of the experiences of the human beings along with the explanations of the participants. This is the reason for which ontological and epistemological difficulties are caused that has an objective to gain huge understanding of the reasons for accounting techniques that acts as futile exercise (Leone, Minutti-Meza and Wasley 2015). Importance and Limitations of the Article After investigation of the selected article, it can be understood that the research has presented a great gap among the current practices on the positive accounting and this must take into account certain vital contributions in order to broaden the intellectual program. In several cases, there is an observed to be a lack of optimization of system (Guthrie and Parker 2016). This is deemed important for getting modifications and for rectifying a specific mistake. Additionally, the article provides with a rational initiative regarding the scientific research, which is validated by means of taking part in the specific accounting groups. In support of the recent research, it has been observed that there must be a need for efficient conceptual models these are highly reliable on the nature. Additionally, the particular article has provided an in-depth explanation consideration the positive accounting serves as an implication of the quantitative models those are reduced to the statements of the estimated trends among the selected variables (Colasse and Durand 2014). Opposing the aforementioned view, a major limitation that is identified from the article is that the research cannot be highly efficient in leading to awareness on the human behaviour within the context of accounting. This is because of the basis that it does not consider collecting several real life information gathered from numerous sources. This specific limitation is highly acknowledged in this particular article (Crawford and Lupine 2013). In contrast to this, the lack of collecting primary along wit secondary data is observed to affect the research quality. Additionally, the researcher has considered making numerous inferences based on the statements of many authors taking into account positive research accounting. Lastly, the quantitative aspects are not deemed to have huge relevance that is necessary in the current years in order to evaluate the future development of the organization for a longer time. Conclusion The article evaluation in this paper had an objective to evaluate the ontology and epidemiology related wit positive accounting research. This was done n order to ascertain the research loopholes in alignment of the techniques through the means of which such loopholes can be dealt with effectively. In addition, the researcher has also recommended that ample theoretical models can be developed for the testing of the in-depth accounting variables. It was also considered that all the quantitative aspects of the accounting needs being prioritized for determining the future performance of the organization. This is because, it can be inferred that very limited modifications in the program of the positive accounting. This is for decreasing the errors taking place from the organizations in alignment with accounting. Reference List Apostolou, B., Dorminey, J. W., Hassell, J. M. and Rebele, J. E., 2016. Accounting education literature review (2015).Journal of Accounting Education,35, pp. 20-55. Ballwieser, W., Bamberg, G., Beckmann, M. J., Bester, H., Blickle, M., Ewert, R. and Gaynor, M., 2012.Agency theory, information, and incentives. Springer Science Business Media. Bedford, N. M., and Ziegler, R. E., 2016. The contributions of AC Littleton to accounting thought and practice.Memorial Articles for 20th Century American Accounting Leaders,49, p. 219. Bromwich, M. and Scapens, R. W., 2016. Management Accounting Research: 25 years on.Management Accounting Research,31, pp. 1-9. Chatfield, M. and Vangermeersch, R., 2014.The History of Accounting (RLE Accounting): An International Encylopedia. Routledge. Colasse, B. and Durand, R., 2014. 3 French accounting theorists of the twentieth century.Twentieth Century Accounting Thinkers (RLE Accounting), p. 41. Crawford, E. R. and Lepine, J. A., 2013. A configural theory of team processes: Accounting for the structure of taskwork and teamwork.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp. 32-48. Deegan, C., 2016. Twenty five years of social and environmental accounting research within Critical Perspectives of Accounting: Hits, misses and ways forward.Critical Perspectives on Accounting. Dyckman, T. R. and Zeff, S. A., 2015. Accounting Research: Past, Present, and Future.Abacus,51(4), pp. 511-524. Everett, J., Neu, D., Rahaman, A.S. and Maharaj, G., 2015. Praxis, Doxa and research methods: Reconsidering critical accounting.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,32, pp.37-44. Gaffikin, M. and Aitken, M., 2014.The Development of Accounting Theory (RLE Accounting): Significant Contributors to Accounting Thought in the 20th Century. Routledge. Gow, I.D., Larcker, D.F. and Reiss, P.C., 2016. Causal inference in accounting research.Journal of Accounting Research,54(2), pp.477-523. Guthrie, J. and Parker, L. D., 2016. Whither the accounting profession, accountants and accounting researchers? Commentary and projections.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,29(1), pp. 2-10. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Leone, A.J., Minutti-Meza, M. and Wasley, C.E., 2015. Influential observations and inference in accounting research. Yee, C.M. and Khin, E.W.S., 2015. Positivist Research and its Influence in Management Accounting Research.Journal of Accounting Perspectives,3(1).