Hamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay - 1252 Words

The play Hamlet is without a doubt one of the most famous pieces of literature in history. William Shakespeare beautifully crafts the play in a way that captivates his audience’s attention and causes them to reflect upon their own livelihood. Shakespeare includes many different occurring themes throughout the story, which he uses to show the consequences of human desires. One of these reoccurring themes that dictate the outcome of the play is the desire of revenge, which will ultimately lead an individual down a path of destruction. Shakespeare places this desire in the heart of the two different characters and shows how detrimental an outcome may become because of this corrupt desire. This desire for revenge consumes the characters in a way that makes their decision-making unreasonable and brings more chaos to the situation. These character’s decisions not only impact themselves, but also impact those around them in a substantial way. Characters such as Hamlet and Laer tes have little concern of those around them as they seek to bring themselves comfort during their time of suffering. One may also observe the suffering revenge inflicts to those who are not even involved in the original situation. The first character inflicted with this desire of revenge is no other than the main character Hamlet himself, who begins to develop an enmity towards those around him. Once Hamlet comes face to face with the ghost of his deceased father, he is promptly influenced to seek vengeanceShow MoreRelatedHamlet, By William Shakespeare880 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is praised as the pioneering English poet and playwright whose collection of theatrical works is regarded as the greatest artistic value throughout the history of English literature. Shakespeare delved into the spiritual and mental component of humanity and the consequences that arise from this human spirit when it is disputed. The most famous revenge tragedy play, Hamlet, is an excellent illustration of Shakespeare’s philosophical study of human nature. In Hamlet, the arguableRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, author of Hamlet, was a well-known author in the 1500s and is still popular today. He was born on April 24, 1564 in London, England. Although there were no birth records at that time, it shows he was baptized one year prior to that, which leads us to believe his birthday was in 1564 because children were normally baptized a year after their birth. Shakespeare’s writing style was very different than others at that time. He used many metaphors and rhetorical phrases, and most ofRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, written by William Shakespeare, with out a doubt holds the most famous soliloquy in English history spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i, lines 57-90. This soliloquy holds much importance to the play as a whole because it ties together the reoccurring t hemes of suicide and Hamlet’s inaction portrayed by Shakespeare. Hamlet poses a problem, which is the driving force of the play: â€Å"To be or not to be?†(III.i.57). Shakespeare uses this logical question asked by Hamlet to drive out his underlyingRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, the protagonist suffers from struggles with major characters, especially with the women in his life. While reading the play Hamlet, Hamlet appears to be a disillusioned man. Throughout the play, Shakespeare has only casted two females: Gertrude and Ophelia. Gertrude is defined to be incestuous, naà ¯ve and cold-hearted. On the other side, Ophelia is characterized to be ignorant, innocent and fearful. After the quick marriage of his mother and evil uncle, Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1308 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is arguably one of the greatest tragedies in all of literature and when most people think of tragic plays, they think of none other than the one who wrote it, William Shakespeare. This classic story of revenge excites it’s readers with its main character, Prince Hamlet, who goes through the unique human-like process of revenge that is often overlooked. Many other stories rely heavily on the logi c of good people doing good things and bad people doing bad things just for the sake of their natureRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects of mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. The main character, Hamlet, finds himself questioning the quality of life and the uncertainty of the afterlife once he discovers news of his father s death and the corruption in the kingdom that follows. Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover, is found dead later in the plot and is presumed to have committed suicide. In Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1146 Words   |  5 PagesA character so complex, enticing and fascinating, his name is Hamlet. We are all Hamlet, and that, is the argument. Hamlet is an enigmatic character with many flaws. These flaws are the ones that prove similarities between us and him. A play so popular and significant is due to its huge relevance to us as a society. In the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses Hamlet’s character and metaphor to demonstrate that when one is left alone to their thoughts, these thoughts overtake reason. ConsequentlyRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, takes place in a time where the impossible was a part of the lives of everyday people. Occurrences that people in the modern time would believe unbelievable. Yet, with just a quill and parchment Shakespeare’s is able to connect the past and present by weaving a plot with skill that is still unparalleled to this day. The play Hamlet this exceeds this expectation by revealing depth of Hamlets, the protagonists, character personality through the useRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1920 Words   |  8 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the character Hamlet must deal with both external and internal conflict. Hamlet encounters many struggles and has trouble finding a way to deal with them. With so many corrupt people in his life, Hamlet feels as if there is no one that he can trust and begins to isolate himself from others. A result from this isolation leads Hamlet to become melancholy. Hamlet struggles with suicidal thoughts, wants to kill King Claudius, and is distraught over his mother’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare846 Words   |  4 Pagesalways been a contemplative topic. In Hamlet, the main character Hamlet thinks to himself about suicide. Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet between 1599 and 1602. William Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights in history. Hamlet is about Prince Hamlet of Denmark who is trying to find out about the death of his father after his father s ‘ghost’ comes to him telling him it was his uncle who had killed him. While Hamlet contemplates suicide he gives his famous

Importance Of Revelation Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Hailey Thornton Professor Daniels February 7, 2017 HUM 2020-448448 Exam One How does each of the following religions reflect the importance of revelation: Judaism, Christianity, Islam? What do these faiths have in common? What are their main differences? Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are all faith based religions with the shared belief in revelation, which in the text is described as â€Å" the divine disclosure of sacred knowledge† (Ch. 4 Pg. 95). All three of these religions show the importance of revelation, whether it be through John the Baptist in the jordan river, through Muhammad in the Arabian desert, or through a burning bush in the middle of the desert with Moses. In Christianity the importance of revelation is shown through none†¦show more content†¦I have heard them crying out because of their slave drivers, and I am concerned about their suffering. So I have come down to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land into a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey—the home of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites. And now the cry of the Israelites has reached me, and I have seen the way the Egyptians are oppressi ng them. So now, go. I am sending you to Pharaoh to bring my people the Israelites out of Egypt.† But Moses said to God, â€Å"Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and bring the Israelites out of Egypt?† And God said, â€Å"I will be with you. And this will be the sign to you that it is I who have sent you: When you have brought the people out of Egypt, you will worship God on this mountain.† Moses said to God, â€Å"Suppose I go to the Israelites and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ Then what shall I tell them?† God said to Moses, â€Å"I am who I am. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: ‘I am has sent me to you.’† God also said to Moses, â€Å"Say to the Israelites, ‘The Lord, the God of your fathers—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob—has sent me to you.’ â€Å"This is my name forever , the name you shall call me from generation to generation. â€Å"Go, assemble the elders of Israel and say toShow MoreRelatedThe Three Major Religions Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe Major Religions Judaism, Christianity and Islamic Humanities 101 August 28, 2010 Strayer University The major religions in the world are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are monotheistic religions, namely they believe that there is only one God. All three religions believe that this God is the origin and source of all that exists. God cares about the entire creation and desires the well-being of all. God is just and has provided basicRead MoreThe Religion of Islam Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesIslam is derived from the Arabic root salaama meaning peace, purity, submission and obedience. Islam stands for making peace by submitting to the will of God and obeying His law. Jews and Christians view Islam as the latest of the worlds great religions. However, worldwide Muslims (sometimes written Moslems) understand their universal religion as the final religion and the primal religion. As final, Islam is Gods final revelation of prophetic religion, in fulfillment of all that hadRead MoreWorld Religions Final Home Exam : Relationship Between Christianity, Islam And Judaism2108 Words   |  9 PagesWorld Religions Final Home Exam: Relationship between Christianity, Islam Judaism By: Ackshan Devakumar Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are three major monotheistic religions that share many similar characteristics. However, they also have key differences as well. Judaism is the oldest of the three, which originated about 3,500 years ago. The other two religions came from Judaism. The Holy Scripture for Judaism is the Torah, which is also known as the Five Books of Moses. Jewish people considerRead MoreIslam s Views On Islam Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages Islam is one of the largest religions in the world, with over 1 billion followers. It is a faith based on revelations received by the Prophet Muhammad in Saudi-Arabia 17th century. The Arabic word Islam which means â€Å"submission,† reflecting the faith s central tenet of submitting to the will of God (Islam). Muslims are the followers of Islam. Christianity’s is one of the most influential religions in history. It’s based on the teachings of Jesus Christ 2,000 years ago. Based on the life andRead More Trinity of Beliefs Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagesreligions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, which are all closely related, are examined. All three of these religions are Western, they are monotheistic, and together they form the Abram ic religions. Judaism is the oldest, dating from around 2000 BC and the most ancient religion still practiced in todays society; Christianity originates from shortly after the death of Jesus Christ; Islam is the youngest, emerging in the seventh century AD. It would appear, then, that Christianity and Islam are descendedRead MoreBuddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism And Monotheistic Religions1108 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophies placing importance of the â€Å"self.† Emphasis on morality, virtues, honest contribute to the development of the inner self. In religions such as, Islam and Judaism the importance of conducts and worship will lead you to paradise in the after as promised by Allah or Yahweh. The teachings of proper behavior, edict, ethics and conduct are also part of the teachings of Confucius, an ancient Chinese philosopher. Redeveloping the self, according to the founders of Buddhism and Christianity, will leadRead MoreIslam Is The Third And Newest Religion Of Abraham ic Faiths1473 Words   |  6 Pages1a. Islam (5) You often hear that Islam is the third and newest religion of the Abrahamic faiths (after Judaism and Christianity). However, you have read and heard that Islam does not understand itself as a â€Å"new† religion. Please describe how Islam understands itself as a continuation of monotheism and a correction of Judaism and Christianity. You can make reference to certain Qur’anic ideas which we discussed in class and include considerations of historical objects like the Kaaba in your answerRead MoreAbrahamic Religions : Judaism, Christianity, And Islam1407 Words   |  6 PagesAbrahamic Religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam ​The Abrahamic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the three key Western Religions they all exercise monotheism, achieving peace though justice, God’s love and mercy, all three trace back to the prophet Abraham in some way, even though he was first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. These three religions are very closely unified because they share many common beliefs and thoughts, and they all rely on holy books or scriptures as a life-guidedRead MoreA Comparison of Religions1177 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all different types of Abrahamic religions. Abrahamic religions are the monotheistic faiths of the world. The most prominent of these are in fact Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, all of which can trace their religious origins back to Abraham (Bowker, 2008). Abraham is considered the ancestor of Israelites, the first Jewish believers, through his son Isaac. Isaac is generally associated with the foundation of the Israelite people while Abrahams other son, IshmaelRead MoreAncient Islamic Art And Architecture1735 Words   |  7 PagesMuslims, but they also represent a set of rules that seek to unify different religious groups under Islamic caliphate and design a reminder for citizens to pass on Islamic traditions to future generations. This set of rules defines the authoritarian importance of Islamic law disapproval of iconography of any kind. The Qur’an is believed to be used as reference in every public monument and object because it glorifies the words of Allah and keep alive the Islamic faith. The decoration of these buildings

Bbnmb Free Essays

Elective classes such as art, music, gym, and auto mechanics are an important part of a students schedule during school. They give the children an opportunity to express themselves and their uniqueness, gives them a chance to interact and be sociable, and gives them experience for possible future careers. Reasons such as these are why we should not eliminate these subjects from schools. We will write a custom essay sample on Bbnmb or any similar topic only for you Order Now Uniqueness is a primary concern. Different varieties of art and music classes are offered as electives in school systems today. My school offers digital art, commercial art, and AD and AD drawing classes. Students can also participate in different music classes such as chorus, jazz band, and symphonic band. These classes give students the opportunity to express themselves through something they enjoy doing in many different ways. The electives are designed to specifically cater to a certain individual and what their skills are. Although electives do cost a significant amount of money and have a lot of needs that must be met, they greatly benefit the students and should not be removed from the school systems. In Dalton to uniqueness, social skills are also a factor. Elective classes such as gym are not as serious and strict as other core classes’ students sit in all day. It allows children to get up, move around, and socialize. In the novel â€Å"Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie†, the protagonist has one class out of the six with his friend and that one class is what he looks forward to every day. It was the only class he had a chance to socialize and be outgoing in. The electives give students a mental break from the rigorous classes they participate in and lets them be kids. Classes like these are essential for a child’s social skills and mental health. With social skills In mind, experience Is also an Issue. Many electives that are offered are Intended to prepare students for a future career Involving that elective. My school offers early childhood development classes and business technology classes that prep you for a job in those fields. You take multitudes of tests and complete a variety of projects to become certified in that field. For example, if you take all three years of the early childhood elective classes you will have the requirements that are needed to be a preschool teacher. These electives will end up avian the student time and money and giving them a head start once they go to college to train for their careers. In the novel â€Å"Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie† the main character takes Journalism for an elective unintentionally and ends up being one of the best Journalists at the school and really enjoys himself. Elective classes that are offered In the school systems may do the same for the students that are enrolled there. It Is a vital part of a students every day school life that should not be eliminated. That although eliminating elective classes would save money, it should not be done. How to cite Bbnmb, Papers

Commentary and Projections Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Commentary and Projections Accounting. Answer: Introduction The current article considered to offer an in-depth description of the chosen article Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. This article is mainly focused towards the investigation of accounting in a positive sense, which will primarily try to synchronise the structure of accounting as per the depiction of human behaviour except the notion of profit after tax in the accounting theory (Apostolou et al. 2016). However, the research on the theory of positive accounting had witnessed a few drawbacks. There have been various difficulties during such research which includes clouded speculative model, huge dependence on the prototype hypothesis and negligence over numerical values. Article Summary In the main article, the positive side of accounting has been focused during the research phase. It has been identified by Ballwieser et al. (2012) that research on the notion of accounting to test its positivism is a part of a project, which relied on great intellect. Thus this can be defined as a scientific research which actually tests the cause and effect relations within the accounting theory. The research on accounting positivism has witnessed some deficiencies but the same has been analysed through thorough study of various papers which includes significant auditing works. It has also been observed that this research on the positivism has some drawbacks. There are some of the loopholes which has been detected in the in the current method of research even after studying various papers in order to deal with the objectives of the research. Furthermore, the description, which has been provided, by Bedford and Ziegler (2016) depicts the notion of normal science which is directly re lated to the positive research of accounting. In the Kuhnian crisis, various possibilities are significantly stated which are the revolutionary in order to achieve the important potential of accounting. Propers criterion has been examined by the researchers also explains that the process of induction does not measure the acuteness of the theory in proper manner. Moreover, the article has also presented the false claims of the positive accounting theories in short reviews. Hence, four major classes have been presented to highlight the significance of the theory, which includes internal impact, measurement of errors, inefficiency of relativity theory and finally that external impact (Bromwich and Scapens 2016). The main objective behind the same was to ensure the non-subjective existence of the specific theory in the observation. This might also be done by selecting between various theories for better understanding and accuracy. In addition to the same, the decision taking observations will claim the falsification of the theories which are unsuitable along with revealing supportive nature towards the particular opposing theory. This article is headed towards pointing out the particular deficiencies along with the logical analysis of the hypothesis bases on the statistical testing. It has also considered as a tempered version of the proper logic (Chatfield and Vangermeersch 2014). The main concern is actually associated with the hypothesis testing with help of statistical tools within the null hypothesis that is very much dependent on the supplementary possibilities. Hence, if the technical issue could not be solved then chances of improved possibility of the hypothesis testing might fail. Research Question/ Hypothesis The research using the concept of hypothesis has been implemented in order to validate the legitimacy of the positive accounting research (Colasse and Durand 2014). H0: The existence of the universe is true which is beyond the level of imagination of an individual H1: All the events in this universe have several reasons that develops a fraction of the overall universe H2: The people those are normal can be able to attain increasingly dependable information in consideration to the observations support H3: The aim of the intellectual property is to use all the obtained informations for attaining useful global understanding of the universe that is mainly causation In order to investigate the first hypothesis, many illustrations on the positive research within the accounting have been offered. In consideration to the views of Crawford and Lepine (2013) the operation of certain rational self-interest among important parties those communicated with implied along with express contracts has resulted in the explaining the appropriate accounting technique. For evaluating the third hypothesis, the researcher has considered explaining scientific ontology along with epistemology, which signifies that the positive accounting study is not identical to the accounting research. In contrast, Deegan (2016) revealed that specific events do not occur either randomly or as the output of intervention from the outer universe. For providing an in-depth evaluation on the third hypothesis, the researcher has signified falsification along with the hypothesis testing in order to explain the research validity. This is the major reason and in consideration to the offered theory careful observation is deemed required through the means of which all the major ideas can be collected (Gaffikin and Aitken 2014). In alignment, it can be gathered that formal theory can be implemented with testable suppositions, which is associated with the existing dependent and certain vital empirical evidences. Several estimations of the innovative theory can be analysed in consideration the new observations in ample situations in which all the new long with old theories has the capability to make many estimations. For evaluating the final hypothesis, many models can is required to be tested with a specific focus or aspect. In consideration to the same, researchers namely Dyckman and Zeff (2015) revealed that the mental models could b e used in order to generate the casual techniques taking place within the universe. This is the major reason considering which the researcher has generated the above hypothesis that is flowed inadequately in the section of literature review. Theoretical Structure The theoretical frameworks those are mentioned in the article for aligning with the study objectives are explained below: Instances of the Positive Research in Accounting: The self-interest operation balance between the selected parties is deemed the result through the implied or expressed contracts in numerous types of organizations (Guthrie and Parker 2016). This signifies the accounting choices on the managers, pricing and the reporting decisions from the side of the auditors, the decision of the regulators is consideration to standard setting along with the professional aspects of academics. It is considered vital that for estimating the types of information that is used by the investor for investment purposes. This signifies that the nature of the human beings is rational. Moreover, this is possible in type of games that is occurred from the positive accounting theory (Henderson et al. 2015). Conversely, after the investigation of the several accounting researches, the settings based on the accounting is evaluated other than coherent behaviour like the technique through which the audit professional s make numerous judgements and the way in which the managers implement the discretion in the systems of performance analysis. This is because such instances intend to explain that the positive research is wider than the theory of positive accounting. Needs for the Effective Program of Positive Research: Considering the chosen article, it was considered that a rapid testing of the difficult models those need superior evaluation of the variable measurements. In addition to this, analytical modelling is the one that is considered extremely vital for generating and analysing the theoretical models (Gow et al. 2016). In order to implement the analytical modelling in the positive accounting research intention, the field before occupation is required to transform from the tractability to the plausibility. The researcher has also made certain that high focus on the measurement is required other than just analysing. This is because along with accounting, certain bias can be linked to the well-built publication that is existent against the dimension other than the same related with the theory. Scientific Epistemology Along with Ontology: It was explained that the epistemology could be considered as a scientific area that has an intention to reveal numerous assessable approaches for gaining a great knowledge on the outer world (Everett et al. 2015). In contrast to that, ontology has developed roles nature, associations along with practices that signify that the social universe is not that efficient to serve as objective sustenance devoid of human beings, the participants and the activities does not need developing numerous rational causes. Additionally, the universe cannot be considered devoid of the experiences of the human beings along with the explanations of the participants. This is the reason for which ontological and epistemological difficulties are caused that has an objective to gain huge understanding of the reasons for accounting techniques that acts as futile exercise (Leone, Minutti-Meza and Wasley 2015). Importance and Limitations of the Article After investigation of the selected article, it can be understood that the research has presented a great gap among the current practices on the positive accounting and this must take into account certain vital contributions in order to broaden the intellectual program. In several cases, there is an observed to be a lack of optimization of system (Guthrie and Parker 2016). This is deemed important for getting modifications and for rectifying a specific mistake. Additionally, the article provides with a rational initiative regarding the scientific research, which is validated by means of taking part in the specific accounting groups. In support of the recent research, it has been observed that there must be a need for efficient conceptual models these are highly reliable on the nature. Additionally, the particular article has provided an in-depth explanation consideration the positive accounting serves as an implication of the quantitative models those are reduced to the statements of the estimated trends among the selected variables (Colasse and Durand 2014). Opposing the aforementioned view, a major limitation that is identified from the article is that the research cannot be highly efficient in leading to awareness on the human behaviour within the context of accounting. This is because of the basis that it does not consider collecting several real life information gathered from numerous sources. This specific limitation is highly acknowledged in this particular article (Crawford and Lupine 2013). In contrast to this, the lack of collecting primary along wit secondary data is observed to affect the research quality. Additionally, the researcher has considered making numerous inferences based on the statements of many authors taking into account positive research accounting. Lastly, the quantitative aspects are not deemed to have huge relevance that is necessary in the current years in order to evaluate the future development of the organization for a longer time. Conclusion The article evaluation in this paper had an objective to evaluate the ontology and epidemiology related wit positive accounting research. This was done n order to ascertain the research loopholes in alignment of the techniques through the means of which such loopholes can be dealt with effectively. In addition, the researcher has also recommended that ample theoretical models can be developed for the testing of the in-depth accounting variables. It was also considered that all the quantitative aspects of the accounting needs being prioritized for determining the future performance of the organization. This is because, it can be inferred that very limited modifications in the program of the positive accounting. This is for decreasing the errors taking place from the organizations in alignment with accounting. Reference List Apostolou, B., Dorminey, J. W., Hassell, J. M. and Rebele, J. E., 2016. Accounting education literature review (2015).Journal of Accounting Education,35, pp. 20-55. Ballwieser, W., Bamberg, G., Beckmann, M. J., Bester, H., Blickle, M., Ewert, R. and Gaynor, M., 2012.Agency theory, information, and incentives. Springer Science Business Media. Bedford, N. M., and Ziegler, R. E., 2016. The contributions of AC Littleton to accounting thought and practice.Memorial Articles for 20th Century American Accounting Leaders,49, p. 219. Bromwich, M. and Scapens, R. W., 2016. Management Accounting Research: 25 years on.Management Accounting Research,31, pp. 1-9. Chatfield, M. and Vangermeersch, R., 2014.The History of Accounting (RLE Accounting): An International Encylopedia. Routledge. Colasse, B. and Durand, R., 2014. 3 French accounting theorists of the twentieth century.Twentieth Century Accounting Thinkers (RLE Accounting), p. 41. Crawford, E. R. and Lepine, J. A., 2013. A configural theory of team processes: Accounting for the structure of taskwork and teamwork.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp. 32-48. Deegan, C., 2016. Twenty five years of social and environmental accounting research within Critical Perspectives of Accounting: Hits, misses and ways forward.Critical Perspectives on Accounting. Dyckman, T. R. and Zeff, S. A., 2015. Accounting Research: Past, Present, and Future.Abacus,51(4), pp. 511-524. Everett, J., Neu, D., Rahaman, A.S. and Maharaj, G., 2015. Praxis, Doxa and research methods: Reconsidering critical accounting.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,32, pp.37-44. Gaffikin, M. and Aitken, M., 2014.The Development of Accounting Theory (RLE Accounting): Significant Contributors to Accounting Thought in the 20th Century. Routledge. Gow, I.D., Larcker, D.F. and Reiss, P.C., 2016. Causal inference in accounting research.Journal of Accounting Research,54(2), pp.477-523. Guthrie, J. and Parker, L. D., 2016. Whither the accounting profession, accountants and accounting researchers? Commentary and projections.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,29(1), pp. 2-10. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Leone, A.J., Minutti-Meza, M. and Wasley, C.E., 2015. Influential observations and inference in accounting research. Yee, C.M. and Khin, E.W.S., 2015. Positivist Research and its Influence in Management Accounting Research.Journal of Accounting Perspectives,3(1).

9th Earl Spencer - Eulogy for Princess Diana of Wales free essay sample

9th Earl Spencer - Eulogy for Princess Diana of Wales free essay sample

Determination Of The Valency Of Magnesium Essays

Determination Of The Valency Of Magnesium Essays Determination Of The Valency Of Magnesium Paper Determination Of The Valency Of Magnesium Paper 1. To determine the stoichiometry of the magnesium 2. To study the quantitative relations between amounts of reactants and products of the reaction. Theory Background : Stoichiometry is the study of the combination of elements in chemical reactions. Stoichiometry refers to the relative number of atoms of various elements found in a chemical substance and is often useful in characterizing a chemical reaction. The related term stoichiometric is often used in thermodynamics to refer to the perfect mixture of a fuel and air. Stoichiometry is often used to balance chemical equations. In this experimet, a known starting mass of magnesium and the measured collection of hydrogen gas will be used to determine the reaction stoichiometry. Stoichiometry rests upon the law of conservation of mass, the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportions. In general, chemical reactions combine in definite ratios of chemicals. Since chemical reactions can neither create nor destroy matter, nor transmute one element into another, the amount of each element must be the same throughout the overall reaction. This experiment determines the stoichiometry of a reaction of magnesium and hydrochloric acid(HCl). The relationship between moles of magnesium reacted and moles of hydrogen produced are plotted. Magnesium ribbon is a strip of magnesium that is solid at room temperature. When mixed with hydrochloric acid it produces magnesium chloride, which is a liquid and hydrogen gas. The below is the equation that occurs: Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 The word stoichiometry is also used for stoichiometry compound (eg: MgCl the proportion molecule ratio is 1:2). Valency is the adj of valence, which means the valence electron of the atom that is usable for reaction. Valency can also be defined as a measure of the number of chemical bonds formed by the atoms of a given element. In this experiment, the starting weight of magnesium is already known, so hydrogen gas collected can be measured to calculate the stoichiometry reaction, including the valency and the proportional molecule. The purpose of this experiment is to find out the quantitative relations between amounts of reactants and products between magnesium and HCl which is X, by calculating the presence hydrogen atom after the reaction is completed. The value of X is denoted in the following equation, Mg + X HCl i MgClx + X/2 H2 We know that magnesium will react with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas and magnesium chloride (MgCI) salt. MgCI is soluble but not hydrogen gas, so the gas can be collected in the burette using a filtering funnel. In this experiment, a limiting factor is needed to control the reaction. Magnesium is the best choice since it is in solid form and can be easily fixed in a space compared to hydrochloric acid in aqueous form, so excess hydrochloric acid will ensure that all the known amount of magnesium have reacted. When the volume of the hydrogen gas is obtained, the mole of the gas can be calculated, then substituted into the formula and to get the amount of mole of each molecule, and the difference between how many magnesium we had put in and how many actually reacted can be compared.

Exploring Proper Use of APA Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exploring Proper Use of APA Style - Essay Example All the sources and works used in certain writing must be cited to acknowledge the authors (Bloch 210). Citing the sources of the information written by a student in an assignment depend on the style that a person wishes to use for the assignment. The styles include MLA, APA, Harvard and others and all of them are cited differently (Pecorari 324). All of them require citations after each phrase or sentences that are taken from other sources. In a paper or assignment cited in the APA style, the students must include the author’s sir name and the year of publication in the in text and in the references, details of the books, articles or other sources used should be included (Currie 15). Determining where to put the citations has been a problem to many students in higher learning institutions. Students should have knowledge of all types of citation styles to avoid skipping on important areas which requires citations. Author’s sir name should be included in the in text of all citation styles. Students should do lots of tests to enhance their knowledge on places where they should put their citations (Bloch 219). To effectively avoid plagiarism, students must be fully aware of what is plagiarism and the effects it can bring in their academic lives. Students can avoid plagiarism by taking careful and organized notes during lecture times and when they are reading from books, articles and other sources. They should be sure to include citations after each phrase or sentence taken from those sources (Hall 34). Students should manage their time effectively so that they can have enough time to do their assignments. It is clear that students who do their assignment in the last moment have the tendency to plagiarize so that they can meet their deadlines. Time management helps the students to finish their quality assignment without plagiarizing. A person must be aware of when and

Information Systems for Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information Systems for Management - Essay Example Getting closer to the customer and maintaining valuable relationships with members along the supply chain are some of the major issues circulating around the companies at present. Web-based selling, sales force automation and integrated customer service are the technologies and buzzwords that are fast becoming a company's focus point. In addition to that, the customers are busy dealing with so many things at the same time that they don't have time to personally visit physical locations or wait in lines to do their respective duties. They rather prefer doing business with companies that provide them with ease and comfort and as little hassle as possible; these are the companies that have web-based systems. The paper that follows will identify the types of web-based systems and how essential they are for companies to be competitive, retain their market share, satisfy existing customers and attract new ones. E banking is one of the web-based systems that a bank may use to improve its relationship with its customers or suppliers and effectively carry out its business. E banking involves all the banking activities that can be carried out from home, business or while on the road without being at a physical bank location. It is the new way of doing business with a bank and has brought about the hassle free way of conducting business. It incorporates many advantages for the banks as well as the customers. An example of a bank using e banking facilities is the Wells Fargo bank. The customers are facilitated greatly because they can do several activities like: View account balances at any time of the day Receive personal bank account statements Pay bills without the need to stand in queues Download their account transactions on their personal PCs Funds transfer between accounts Can handle their finances while traveling Can perform any bank related activity whenever it's feasible for them. Advantages of E banking are: Real time banking- can be done from anywhere at any time. Saves time- customers don't need to stand in lines to pay bills or personally visit a bank to carry out transactions. Convenience- customers don't need to cramp all their banking activities in the 9 to 5 banking hours; they can do everything at their own convenience. Attract more customers- the banks are able to attract those customers as well who are in remote areas and were previously discouraged by the far away location of the physical bank. Increased customer base- banks offering e-banking facilities are able to enjoy a large customer base and hence a competitive edge over traditional banks. Saving of costs- the banks are able to save the cost of paper transactions and the cost of hiring extra employees to deal with the large amount of customers. Disadvantages of E banking are: Losing valuable customers- if the main server is down and the customers are unable to process their transactions, they'll be dissatisfied and prefer not to do business with that bank the next time and the bank will lose current and prospective customers as well. Maintenance issues- the bank will need to hire expert personnel to deal with maintenance issues and proper handling of the expert systems. Security issues- hackers are a potential threat to both customers and the bank. Higher costs- the banks need to install costly safety systems such as firewalls to ensure safety and reliability of the systems. There are some implementation issues with

The effects of oral medications on the peridontium Essay

The effects of oral medications on the peridontium - Essay Example The gums firmly enclose the teeth around their exposed portion or the neck. Gingival enlargement or hyperplasia occurs as an undesirable side effect of some drugs such as corticosteroids, tetracycline, phenytoin, ibuprofen, cyclosporine and calcium channel antagonists. This can lead to misalignment of the teeth resulting in cosmetic problems, cause problems with eating, speech and impede effective tooth cleaning. Gingival enlargement thus needs to be treated either locally or with the aid of therapeutic dental strategies. The two major diseases of this region are Gingivitis and Periodontitis which can be triggered by either poor oral hygiene leading to bacterial infection and plaque formation, or as a result of drug induced side effects. Risk factors for the prevalence of drug-induced gingival overgrowth include age, and gender, with young people, and males being more susceptible. 1. Tetracycline’s: This group of drugs is a broad spectrum antibiotic and has a propensity to leave residues in bones, teeth and their associated structures. They are also widely used as adjuncts in the broad spectrum antibiotic coverage in periodontal disease. Systemic use of this class of drugs leads to the inhibition of orthodontically induced root and alveolar bone resorption. This occurs because of the additional effect of Tetracycline’s in exerting an anti inflammatory action which prevents collegenolysis (Golub et al., 1984). The destruction of collagen is an essential step in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In a study conducted in rats by Mavragani et al, (2005) it was found that Doxycycline exerts a significant inhibitory effect on root resorption and alveolar bone distraction in rats. 2. Phenytoin: This is an extensively used anti epileptic drug and its usage leads to gingival enlargement in almost 50% of the patients which usually requires surgical intervention. The hyperplasia

Globalisation during the twentieth century

Globalisation during the twentieth century International Relations Explain the significance of the advance of media and communications to the process of globalisation during the twentieth century. The twentieth century saw the speed of technological achievement soaring as the human race innovated and developed quicker than ever before. After the western discovery of the New World in the early modern period there was a great influx of Europeans across the Atlantic seeking out new opportunities and long distance communication became more and more important to remain in contact globally. Technological advances of the twentieth century not only aided this difficult problem, but created a globalised world where vast distances became no feat in ensuring the smooth functioning of life, business and politics. For example, in 1865, when US President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated it took the news twelve days to travel to the United Kingdom. This delivery required the use of boats to carry the message across the Atlantic and then telegraph to deliver it from Cork in Ireland, to London. One hundred and thirty six years later, on 11th September 2001, there was a terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre in New York. The attack comprised of two planes hitting the two towers with roughly twenty minutes between them. By the time the second plane hit the second tower there was an audience of around two billion who watched the second attack in real time. The technological advances of the twentieth century and the emergence of global media is what made this vast improvement and the development of a global village possible. Innovators of the nineteenth century had already developed a primitive wired telegraph system which was used as the primary means of communication during this century (obviously other than of course the global standard for millennia word of mouth). The downside of the telegraph was that whilst it was quicker than anything before, it was still a slow means of communication. The system still required telephone cables and although it was one of the first good examples of clear and more rapid international communication, it lacked the instantaneousness of modern ‘globalised communication. Another drawback was that it was not until undersea cables were laid in the middle of the twentieth century that telegraphs could be sent across the Atlantic; and by this time other more reliable forms of transatlantic communication had been developed. It was not until inventors in the twentieth century, such as Marconi, began dabbling with radio signals that the radio telegraph was created. Utilising these newly discovered radio waves in December 1901 Marconi telegraphed the letter ‘S across the Atlantic from St. Johns in Newfoundland, to Poldhu in Cornwall, a distance of eighteen hundred miles, using kite-born aerials at around one thousand feet. From this point radiotelegraphy took off and became one of the most revolutionary changes in communication in centuries, adopted especially favourably by the armed forces who began using it to communicate between ships which had until then been primarily using homing pigeons and visual signalling. There is difficulty in pinpointing the exact time when radio was first used to communicate human voice as claims are varied. However the first transatlantic human broadcast took place in 1915 with the signal moving first from New York to San Francisco, then to Naval Radio Station NAA at A rlington Virginia and finally from there across the Atlantic Ocean to the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. By November 1920, the U.S. was operating a daily broadcast of scheduled radio programs, with the first being the 1920 U.S. Presidential election results. The importance of this history of radio is to first demonstrate the speed at which radio was developed, but more importantly to illustrate that by the 1920s human voices could be transmitted across oceans to communicate with what less than two hundred years ago would be near isolated countries. Not only this but the broadcast of the 1920 election results was arguably the first example of radio being used as a form of media, to publicize political news to the wider world. Throughout the next eighty years radio improved dramatically, including the introduction of FM (standing for frequency modulation the technology used) which controlled static to give a high-fidelity sound. In 1954 Sony produced the worlds first transistor radio, bringing to the world a revolutionary new step where radios became cheaper and by the latter half of the century the majority of the population of western nations owned one. Radio was not the only method for the broadcast of human voice, indeed the more direct, one-to-one method of communicating over long distances was the telephone. According to ATT, one of the leading telecommunications companies in the United States, by 1904, right at the beginning of the twentieth century, there were already over three million connected phones in the United States. The design and technological improvements increased throughout the twentieth century allowing people across the globe to talk directly in real time (this also laid the groundwork for later developments in computer networking). The improvements aided globalisation to an incredible degree by allowing business and social interaction to take place not in the form of a letter sent and taking days or even weeks to arrive, but instantaneously. The merging of this technology with the concept of two-way radios created after the invention of the radio led to the development of the mobile phone. The military were pri mary users of the concept throughout the early twentieth century but it was not until the 1950s that mobile phones became practical, and not until the last decade of the century that the pocket mobile phone became commonplace. Communication over long distance, and indeed globally, was then possible from anywhere on the earth (or at least where signal was found, which by the end of the century covered most places in almost all countries across the world. One of the next important innovations of the twentieth century was the invention of the television. By the mid 1920s inventors on both sides of the Atlantic were working on capturing, transmitting and receiving live images, with pioneers such as Scottish inventor John Logie Baird (famous for his original mechanical television set) and Americans Philo Farnsworth and Vladimir Zworykin (who were focussed on all electric units using cathode ray tubes). Regularly scheduled television broadcasts began in the late 1920s in the United States and throughout many other western nations by the 1930s, but it was not really until the 1950s that televisions entered the average home. By this time mechanical televisions had been made obsolete in favour of the higher definition image produced by the newer purely electronic devices. Programming focussed around films and live dramas which dominated household entertainment across the world by the 1960s; first in monochrome, and eventually, during the fif ties and sixties, in full colour. Despite the arguably slow start for television in the latter half of the twentieth century television became the single most important form of entertainment and media in the majority of the developed world. The majority of news throughout Europe and North America especially was delivered via the television and towards the end of the century broadcasts were running twenty four hours a day, seven days a week. In 1963 the assassination of President John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnsons succession gained four days of coverage, whereas the U.S. moon landing in 1969 was reputedly viewed by 94% of American television homes. It is almost impossible to debate that by the end of the twentieth century television was the dominant form of media in the western world, with a reported ninety nine percent of households owning at least one television and with an average of nearly seven hours exposure a day, much of it based on global issues, events and information. This exposure has created a population which is more informed about the world around them than ever before, and due to the simplicity and lack of necessary engagement or effort it appeals to almost everyone. Television has also seen the growth of film and scripted television shows. Hollywood dominates the global film and television market with its programming shown throughout the entire world, and although there are many national groups vying for a share in the highly profitable industry, there is no comparison to their American counterpart. As stated by Sinclair, Jacka and Cunningham Hollywood has established itself as the ‘international best practice, and as stated by Mooney and Evans ‘Wherever you go in the world people know of Mickey Mouse, Star Wars and Rambo.. The films produced by Hollywood are globally known, and despite a delay between release dates in the U.S. and the rest of the world they are available no matter where you are on the earth. This demonstrates vast improvement even from the beginning of the century where by no means every country even had the technology to play films and television created in the United States. Another noticeable effect of television and film on globalisation is the merging of cultures. Whereas in centuries previous there was little or no real exposure to foreign cultures other than actually visiting them the television in the twentieth century has brought thousands of different cultures into the living rooms of billions in the world. Language, clothing, design and rituals have been adopted and adapted in many societies leading to hybrid creations and entirely new cultures coming into existence. New cultures share elements from existing ones, taking specific traits and altering them to fit their own lifestyle or geography another key illustration of the globalised world. Aided by the growth in technology throughout the century the mass media has grown to become one of the single most important forces of globalisation. News groups and organisations such as Reuters and the BBC have thousands of people stationed throughout the world keeping their finger on the pulse and ensuring that the rest of the world is up to date to the minute with the events throughout the globe. Not only making it easier to hear about global events, the mass media has ensured that ever minor world events receive some coverage and consequently the world feels much more united. No longer is the news purely built around the happenings in North America and Europe (although to a degree this news does gain the majority of coverage), every crisis or affair throughout the third world is reported to the rest of the humanity. Perhaps the single most important and revolutionary development of the century was the creation of the computer and the worldwide network known as the Internet. The computer had been in development since the 1940s with individuals and teams across the world developing faster computers with more processing power. Yet it wasnt until the 1980s where personal computers for use in the home became practical, and not for nearly another decade before they were economical. However by the 1990s computers were owned in millions of homes across the world, increasing more and more throughout the last decade of the century. The attribute of computers that really aided the globalisation process however was networking and the internet. By connecting the computers of the world together using the existing telephone network (and later fibre optics) there was an immediate and permanent connection between all computers on the planet. Information could be transferred instantly across the entire span of th e world in milliseconds. As well as this, with developments in wireless technology internet access could be achieved almost anywhere mobile signal was found. In its original design, the precursor to the Internet, ARPANET, was designed as a system for the military and universities to share information, but it quickly grew in usage and spread to the wider civilian community. The effect of the internet on media was revolutionary. Photos, videos and stories could be uploaded to news sites instantaneously from anywhere in the world. More fundamentally however was that the internet created journalists out of anyone willing to contribute. Due to the freedom and lack control over what could or could not be shared over the internet (a fundamental value of the internet community, which has to an extent been taken advantage of with the ability to pirate information) anyone wanting to publish a story or report on an event was fully capable of doing so and have the chance to have the entire world read it. Consequently news reporting became a more mass project than ever before with even the potential for less influence from biased sources. By the end o f the century millions of people were actively reporting news on the internet and millions more turned to the independent news sources instead of the mainstream media. The Internet has also continued the trends set by television and film, allowing people across the world to get hold of and view television shows and films that they would never have had the chance to obtain beforehand. Similarly, literature, essays and reports are found in the billions online where they can be accessed from anywhere. In this way it can be said that the internet truly revolutionised information, allowing it to be accessed anywhere by anyone, and although this may not be true in all countries (some governments choose to limit and censor the content of the internet in their own territory) there is a level of freedom and globalisation that has never been seen before. The key importance of the advance of communications technology and media throughout the twentieth century has been its significance in creating a global village and its major role in the process of globalisation. As outlined, the growth of technology in communication has meant that society has advanced from its sluggish pace at the beginning of the twentieth century, to the instantaneous speed of the 1990s. As well as this the content of communications has improved allowing massive amounts of data to be sent in an instant as opposed to a short letter. Media coverage of the entire globe in real time makes keeping the world updated entirely simple and the number of people reporting has meant that the ‘official news sources are not always the first to report a story. Most importantly however these advances have created an infinitely smaller world where oceans and vast distances between countries do not eliminate the need or desire to know about them or communicate with them, to th e point where nations are closer than ever at a civilian level, not just politically. Bibliography Books Giddens, A., ‘Sociology, 6th ed. (Polity: Cambridge, 2009) Mooney, A., Evans, B., ‘Globalization, The Key Concepts (Routledge: London, 2007) Sinclair, J., Jacka, E., Cunningham, S., ‘New Patterns in Global Television: Peripheral Vision (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1996) Winston, B., ‘Media, Technology and Society A History: From the Telegraph to the Internet (Routledge: London, 1998) Websites About.com, ‘The Invention of the Radio, http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/radio.htm accessed January 19th 2010 ATT, ‘ATT: A Brief History: Origins, http://www.corp.att.com/history/history1.html, accessed January 19th 2010 GSM World, ‘GSM Coverage Map, http://www.gsmworld.com/roaming/gsminfo/index.shtml accessed January 19th 2010 ThinkQuest, ‘Television: The History, http://library.thinkquest.org/18764/television/history.html, accessed 19th January 2010 ‘Television Health, http://www.csun.edu/science/health/docs/tvhealth.html, accessed 20th January 2010 Giddens, A., ‘Sociology, 6th ed. (Polity: Cambridge, 2009) Ch. 17 ‘The Media pg.723 Ibid. Winston, B., ‘Media, Technology and Society A History: From the Telegraph to the Internet (Routledge: London, 1998) pg. 272 ‘The Invention of the Radio, About.com, http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/radio.htm accessed 19th January 2010 Ibid. Ibid. ‘The Invention of the Radio, About.com, http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/radio.htm accessed 19th January 2010 ‘ATT: A Brief History: Origins, http://www.corp.att.com/history/history1.html, accessed 19th January 2010 ‘GSM Coverage Map, http://www.gsmworld.com/roaming/gsminfo/index.shtml accessed 19th January 2010 ‘Television: The History, http://library.thinkquest.org/18764/television/history.html, accessed 19th January 2010 ‘Television Health, http://www.csun.edu/science/health/docs/tvhealth.html, accessed 20th January 2010 Sinclair, J., Jacka, E., Cunningham, S., ‘New Patterns in Global Television: Peripheral Vision (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1996) pg. 13 Mooney, A., Evans, B., ‘Globalization, The Key Concepts (Routledge: London, 2007) pg. 111

Buddhism: The Three Characteristics of Existence Essay -- essays resea

There are three characteristics of existence. This is an important part of the teaching of Buddha. The teaching of the three characteristics is part of what we might call the doctrinal contents of wisdom. In other words, when we talk about the knowledge and the understanding that is implied by wisdom, we have this teaching in mind. The three characteristics of existence that we have in mind are the characteristics of impermanence (Anitya), suffering (Duhkha) and not-self (Anatma). These three characteristics are always present in or are connected with existence, and they tell us about the nature of existence. They help us to know what to do with existence. What we learn to develop as a result of understanding the three characteristics is renunciation. Once we understand that existence is universally characterized by impermanence, suffering and not-self, we eliminate our attachment to existence. Once we eliminate our attachment to existence, we gain the threshold of Nirvana. This is the purpose that understanding the three characteristics serves. It removes attachment by removing delusions, the misunderstanding that existence is permanent, is pleasant and has something to do with the self. This is why understanding the three characteristics is part of the contents of wisdom. The first of the three characteristics of existence is the characteristic of impermanence (Anitya). If we look at our own personality, we will find that our bodies are impermanent. They are subject to constant change. We grow thin. We grow old and grey, our teeth fall out, and our hair falls out. Similarly, our mental states are impermanent. At one moment we are happy, and at another moment we are sad. As infants, we hardly understand anything. As adults, in the prime of life we understand a great deal more. And again in old age we lose the power of our mental faculties and become like infants. Our minds are also characterized by impermanence. This is true also of the things that we see around us. Everything we see around us is impermanent. Not one thing will last forever - not the office blocks, nor the temples, nor the rivers and islands, nor the mountain chains, nor the oceans. We know for a fact that all these natural phenomena, even those that appear to be the most durable, even the solar system itself will one day decline and become extinct. This process of constant change of all ... ...s understood, once interconnectedness becomes part of the way of seeing the world, then suffering arises from the personal concept of an independent self. Anatta is the view that there is no enduring self. All phenomena are conditioned-have a begging and end-so there is nothing to which they can attach. Suffering arises from the illusion that impermanent conditioned states are permanent and can be possessed by a self. Moreover, there is no self or soul, which carries on after death. Instead we are merely a collection of groups of grasping which are in a continual state of flux. Rebirth is possible only because our desires and volition drive us. Every living being, every living thing in this universe is subject to impermanency. The destruction of the whole universe is very certain. The body will be dissolved and no amount of sacrifice will save it. Looking to life we notice how it is changing, continually moving between contrasts. We notice rise and fall, success and failure, loss and gain, we meet honor and contempt, praise and blame, and we feel how our hearts respond to all that, with happiness and sorrow, delight and despair, disappointment and satisfaction, fear and hope.

Unemployment in Columbia

Its infamy impacts tourism and trade, despite Colombia being the second largest producer of coffee in the world. The unemployment, especially among the youth, acts like fuel to the fire with regards to Colombians economic uncertainty. The country Itself does have the potential to have a stable economy and at least the minimum acceptable level of public welfare. It will be Interest to analyze why the country Is embroiled In warfare Instead of welfare, which Is why I have chosen It to be the topic of my research. 2. Relationships between selected economic concern and country?Economy/other variables (40 points): According to the US Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) World Fact Book, Colombia had a total work force of about 21. 27 million (2010 estimates). For a country whose population stood at 44,725,543 (2011 CIA estimates this figure is abysmal. The unemployment rate is at 11. 8% (2010 estimates). It is also important to note that nearly half of the country population (45. 5% â€⠀œ 2010 estimates) lives below the poverty line. According to a SEPAL (United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) 1 7% of these are homeless.It Is obvious that when a errors remains unemployed for a long time, he or she cannot provide the bare necessities of life for their families. However, the high level of poverty In Colombia Is not just attributed to unemployment alone but to the quality of work that those who are employed have. Nearly 32% of those who state themselves to be employed do not have a formal work contract or access to a healthcare system while 48% hold informal jobs such as street vendors and garbage recyclers (SEPAL). So not only is the population of Colombia plagued with unemployment but those who are employed ark in very low paying jobs.When a person is unable to support his or her family by legal means, they find themselves to be helpless and turn towards illegal trades to earn a living. This applies especially to the youth, who find themselves without an education, without a job and without a bright future prospect. They tend to get Involved in the local drug mafia In one way or the other. Those who are considered Incapable of violence or physical brutality, find work on cocaine farms while the others get Involved In more dangerous aspects of the trade.This draining of possible working populace towards an Illegal sector Tanat Is causing more nary than good to ten overall progress AT ten nature takes its toll on the economy. High unemployment has also led to an increase in the economic class divide among the population. The upper class, which accounts for 20% of the population, accounts for about 75% to 80% of the Gross National Product (GNP). The rest of the 20% GNP is shared between the remaining 80% of the population. Being far richer than the masses, the elite class has access to education, healthcare and security.

Stupid White Men essays

Stupid White Men essays The book, Stupid White Men by Michael Moore is very different from any I have read. It talks more about what people have done wrong then about the people themselves. Each chapter has its own way of making fun of George Bush and supporting Al Gore, but most references to these individuals are in chapter one. Chapter two was an open letter to President Bush. One thing that did seem funny in this chapter was when George Bush was in Arizona. He was asked what his favorite childhood book was. Our President replied with The Hungry Caterpillar, but this book was not published until 1969, one year after our President graduated from Yale. The next chapter was mind boggling. I have flown many times from Arizona to Michigan during my life in the winter and summer but have never thought about the pilots in command of the aircraft. In Chapter three, Michael Moore describes how the Bush administration cut funding for the Department of Transportation. Commercial airline pilots were left with minimal incomes of $13,000-15,000 a year. After they have to pay for uniforms and taxes, their income is only about $9,000 a year. Most of the pilots are on welfare and food stamps. Chapter four is about how we should fear the government and not blacks. Michael Moore stresses that the government is made up mostly of whites. According to studies, the average income for black Americans is 61% less per year than the average white income. That is the same percentage difference as it was in 1880. Michael Moore states that the only thing that has really changed in America is that there are no more signs saying No Blacks Allowed. There has never been a black guy who built a bomb or used a bomb to kill a mass amount of people at once, whether in Oklahoma City, Columbine, or Hiroshima. In his film Roger and Me, a bunny is hit on the head. Some people have said it makes them physically sick. Som...

Free Essays on Ancient Egypt and Judiac Civilization

Ancient Egypt and Judiac Civilization are two of the three Primitive Civilizations. They lived in different places and they also belived in different religions. The Egyptians were believeing in polytheistic religion.There were lots of Gods and Goddesses they believed. The Egyptians believed that the soul of the dead body travel into the afterlife at their first night after death. They believed the dead body must be mummified to reach eternal life. They also believed that there were a judge after death and if you can pass the judgement, you would have a journey from East to the West to have peace.East was named as Thermopolis and west was named as Heliapolis.At the judgement ;Maat,who was the Goddess of truth, balance and order , was the judge. The heart of the dead person was getting balanced by the feather on Maat’s head. If the heart is lighter than the feather , it can continue to the journey to Heliapolis. If the heart is heavier than the feather , Anubis , who was the guardian of Necropolis , eats the heart. So the soul of the dead body dies forever. For the ones who passed the judge , there is a Book of The Dead .This book is replaced to the curve of the dead person. The aim of the book is to help the dead person to reach Heliapolis. This book is set as a guide or a map. This book is thicker to rich people and there are names on it for the rich people. It is thinner for the poor people and instead of names , people are mentione as â€Å"X† or â€Å"N† for the word â€Å"noble† . Egyptian people had funerary figures named â€Å"shabti†. Shabtis were mentioned in The Book of The Dead at the spell six : O shabti , allotted to me , if I be summoned or if I be detailed to do any work which has to be done in the realm of the dead ;if indeed obstacles are implanted for you therewith as a amn at his duties , you shall detail yourself for me on every occasion of making arable the fields , of flooding the banks or of conveying s... Free Essays on Ancient Egypt and Judiac Civilization Free Essays on Ancient Egypt and Judiac Civilization Ancient Egypt and Judiac Civilization are two of the three Primitive Civilizations. They lived in different places and they also belived in different religions. The Egyptians were believeing in polytheistic religion.There were lots of Gods and Goddesses they believed. The Egyptians believed that the soul of the dead body travel into the afterlife at their first night after death. They believed the dead body must be mummified to reach eternal life. They also believed that there were a judge after death and if you can pass the judgement, you would have a journey from East to the West to have peace.East was named as Thermopolis and west was named as Heliapolis.At the judgement ;Maat,who was the Goddess of truth, balance and order , was the judge. The heart of the dead person was getting balanced by the feather on Maat’s head. If the heart is lighter than the feather , it can continue to the journey to Heliapolis. If the heart is heavier than the feather , Anubis , who was the guardian of Necropolis , eats the heart. So the soul of the dead body dies forever. For the ones who passed the judge , there is a Book of The Dead .This book is replaced to the curve of the dead person. The aim of the book is to help the dead person to reach Heliapolis. This book is set as a guide or a map. This book is thicker to rich people and there are names on it for the rich people. It is thinner for the poor people and instead of names , people are mentione as â€Å"X† or â€Å"N† for the word â€Å"noble† . Egyptian people had funerary figures named â€Å"shabti†. Shabtis were mentioned in The Book of The Dead at the spell six : O shabti , allotted to me , if I be summoned or if I be detailed to do any work which has to be done in the realm of the dead ;if indeed obstacles are implanted for you therewith as a amn at his duties , you shall detail yourself for me on every occasion of making arable the fields , of flooding the banks or of conveying s...

Springs Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Springs - Lab Report Example this experiment was to determine the key elements of Hooke’s law, which include, among others, the simple harmonic motions, the requirements of these harmonic motions, understanding Hooke’s law in a nutshell, attempting to verify Hooke’s law using a simple spring, to ascertain the relationship between the frequency and the period of a spring, to come up with the spring constant, and to determine the relationship between the mass, period, and force of a spring undergoing harmonic motion among others. The bottom line objective in this case is to be able to make comparisons of the measured periods of the vibration and the ideal ones as stated or calculated in the theory. Measuring the static behavior of a simple spring in this experiment was aimed at providing a basis of establishing the existing relationship between stretch and force. The spring constant, which is the force that a spring exerts on the object, in the opposite direction, when an object applies a force on the spring is what this experiment aimed at achieving. According to Hooke, the spring constant can be calculated from the expression F=- KX, where F is the force applied on the spring and X the distance this spring would move as a result of the force. In this experiment, a simple experiment involving a mass, a spring, and a meter rule were used to test this phenomenon (Knight, Brian and Stuart 13). The tables below show the results of the different measurements obtained as a result of adding different masses on a spring, while recording the various stretches that are realized. Concisely, the objective was to determine the influence of the mass on the stretch of the spring and the nature of relationship that exists between these tow variables. The above results give an impression of a near linear relationship between the mass and the stretch, but the trend changes significantly after a certain mass has been exceeded. From the theoretical point of view, the point where the relationship between

Doctorate of business administration in international business (DBA) Personal Statement

Doctorate of business administration in international business (DBA) - Personal Statement Example In fact, I had never heard of these terms, and did not think it was necessary to carry out such activities. Consequently, as you can imagine, I lost all my money from that experience. Fortunately, my parents were still financially supporting me, and I wasn’t responsible for a wife and children, car payments, or rent, etc. I was grateful that I still had a roof over my head, but I felt like a complete fool. I vowed then and there not to let that happen to me again. I learned some very important lessons from the above-mentioned debacle, especially about greed. Slow, steady earnings that keep pace with your life are just fine. Investments that yield higher profits more quickly are nice but they are also inherently risky. Using the Madoff scandal as a model of what not to do as an investor, I know now that diversification of assets is essential. Putting all your eggs in one basket so to say is never a wise practice in the world of investment. There are just too many uncontrollable and uncertain variables that could take down any one company or industry. I learned from my failures in investing. With a long career ahead of me, I can afford to take some risks, but should also focus on building a stable, long-term portfolio. On a much larger scale, this is the best time to be studying the failures of our economic systems and how we can build stronger, more secure ones for the future. It is clear that having a comprehensive knowledge of the law is as important as studying business alone. It is also important to do business with trustworthy institutions, and to do extensive preliminary research, such as through examining the company’s own as well as independent reports. In the past, we could rely on reputable brokerage firms, stockbrokers, and the advice of successful friends, but this is no longer an option, and calls for greater international regulatory and enforcement agencies have been

ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGY - Essay Example The speed of communication and exchange, the complexity and size of the networks involved, and the sheer volume of trade, interaction and risk involved, include just a few of the goodies of globalization (Stiglitz). For centuries, globalisation has been able to find its way into the daily lives of a big majority of the population of the world consequently affecting them in numerous ways. It has taken the form of trade liberalisation, regional unification and Multi-national Corporations. The most affected by globalisation in the society has been the agriculture sector simply because policies governing it have forced the rural population into poverty, unemployment, migration to urban areas, and working without any social security. To date, there has been no appropriate measures taken to curb this effect and as such, seasonal labour mobility particularly of women and children has been plummeting. The twentieth century has witnessed an accelerated process of globalisation as one of its main features in the area of world politics and has been touted as one of the most dramatic developments of the period with more than just economical and industrial significance. According to (Stiglitz), globalisation of free enterprise has been identified as the key element in the changing world order. Based on this, the concept of the nation state is thus becoming less clear, while at the same time new players such as multinational companies are joining the global arena. These multinational companies are thus direct creations of globalisation, a fact which is keeping humanity in doubt whether their sudden mushrooming augurs well with the new global order or whether they are going to turn into mutant monsters to cause major economic disasters (Stiglitz). From the foregoing, it is evident that there has been a process of globalisation in which societies operate within an integrated world-wide

Personal Statement Prompt #2 Essay Example for Free

Personal Statement Prompt #2 Essay PERSONAL STATEMENT Prompt #2: Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. What about this quality or accomplishment makes you proud, and how does it relate to the person you are? I’ve never been so interested in my spiritual life, my religion, and my service to others as I have been these past three years. One of the proudest moments of my life is when I was accepted into my school’s LIFE team, which stands for Living in Faith Experience. The trips, retreats, and activities that I have shared with my peers have formed me into a completely new person and have allowed me to experience things that I wouldn’t have been able to experience on my own. Being able to be a part of the LIFE team is an accomplishment that has given me many opportunities, and has showed me ways that I can go out into the world and grab hold of the millions of other opportunities that awaits me. This particular team isn’t like the sports and organizations that my school offers. You first have to be nominated by three teachers or administrators, which allows you to receive an application. The end of my freshman year, I received an application, and I was confused. I wasn’t too sure of what exactly the team was, except for the fact they were religious and helped the campus minister out. The application did not only involve basic information, it also required short answers for approximately 15 questions. I ignored the fact that it was so time consuming because I enjoyed having to think about the answers, which were new to me. Later in the week, I was called into our Campus Minister’s office and was interviewed. The questions allowed me, for once, to just be me and talk about what I’ve been through and what I want for my future. Just being myself paid off, in a way that changed my whole high school career and life. The person that LIFE team has helped make me is much more open, compassionate, and helpful. From small groups on the retreats, large group discussions in class, and getting guidance through liturgies, I have opened up to where I can more easily express myself. I learned the importance of trusting people and being trusted. From being a servant leader, I have deepened my qualities of compassion and being helpful. LIFE team is focused on being good leaders for others, while being a servant to them and to Christ. I’m able to learn something and actually feel anxious to go and teach others the same. I couldn’t be more proud of the way  that I’ve progressed in my spiritual knowledge, deepened in my faith, and have become much more willing to open up and try new things. Being a part of the LIFE team for these past 3 years is an accomplishment for myself, a contribution to our school and society, and has helped me to better portray the qualities that I want and need to expose in order to be the best person that I can be.

The Impact Of Innovation

The Impact Of Innovation In this assignment, the importance of innovation and the impact that it has in successful companies will be discussed. Theories and examples of innovation will be shown as well as relevant information about apples history and detailed product information. Also it will be debated the importance that Innovation have had in Apple company. A SWOT analysis of Apple will be presented as additional information. Topics as Leadership and Change management are included due to its high relationship with the performance of a company and its direction in a long term, in this case is Apple the chosen company. Literature review 1. INTRODUCTION Throughout history the concept of innovation has been debated. Since the time of classical economists this issue has been present, even in the current age. Also important authors have highlighted innovation as essential for the socio-economic that is why it is relevant to study this phenomenon. Innovation is one of the key factors for companies that want to compete in an increasingly international and global market. But to qualify for that capacity, companies must invest in knowledge, structure, research and a good strategy to enable them to decide, from the beginning, who they want to become. There are many definitions about the term innovation and numerous theoretical contributions around this phenomenon. The term innovate comes from the Latin etymology innovare that mean change or alter things by introducing new features (Medina Salgado Espindola and Espinosa 1994). Innovation is the production, assimilation and successful exploitation of novelty in the economic and social environment 1.2 DEFINITIONS OF INNOVATION Innovation is the process of integrating existing technology and inventions to create or improve a product, a process or a system. Innovation in an economic sense is the consolidation of a new product, process or system improvement (Freeman, C., 1982) Innovation is the specific tool of entrepreneurs (Peter Drucker 1985) The act that endows resources with a new capacity to create wealth (Peter Drucker 1985). Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower (Steve Jobs 2005) Joseph Schumpeter defined innovation in a general sense, took into account different cases of change to be considered as a innovation. These are: the market introduction of a new good or new class of goods, the use of a new source of raw materials (both product innovation), the incorporation of a new production method not experienced in a particular sector or a new way of dealing commercially a new product (process innovation), or market innovation which is the establishment of a new market structure (Joseph Schumpeter 1935) 2. TYPES OF INNOVATION There are three main types of innovation Product Innovation It is the market introduction of a new technology product (whose technological characteristics differ significantly from previous products) or significantly improved (previously existing whose performance has been improved or greatly improved) Process Innovation Is the adoption of new production methods or significantly improved. Can be use to produce or deliver technologically new or improved products, which cannot be produced or delivered using conventional methods of production, also it could increase primarily the efficiency of production. Organizational Innovation It is the introduction of changes in the forms of management of the establishment. There are new changes in the organization and management process, incorporating new organizational structures 2.1 INNOVATION MODELS There are several innovation models, which 4 of them are common and relevant Linear model The linear model of innovation is an interpretation of the act of innovation, outdated but is still applied in many cases. This model is a way of theorizing the logical sequence of the process that results in innovation. Sequence is too rigid to describe a process that depends not only on science / technology or market to initialize the generation of innovations. The strict separation between invention, innovation and marketing does not accurately represent the dynamics of innovation today. The linear model is a first generation model, and only takes into account the thrust of science / technology or market pull (concepts 50-60-70 years) as a means to begin the process of innovation Open model Open model Innovation is a new innovation strategy in which companies get innovation that comes from outside the companys internal boundaries. This term was coined by Henry Chesbrough, who in his book Open Innovation, proposes to open the creative processes of innovation, in order to get innovative ideas from any source, whether internal or external to the company, and not only from the areas dedicated to the business activity Open Innovation means combining internal knowledge with external professional cooperation. Thus, research centers as well as universities, experts and other companies offer solutions to companies of what is known as collective intelligence. This will break new ground, contacts, opportunities, where innovative ideas flow freely from any source Teece model Teece proposes a model that takes into account two factors that are important to profit from innovation: ease of imitation (imitability) and complementary assets. The imitability can come of intellectual property, protection of technology or the fact that imitators have no powers to mimic the technology. Complementary assets are beyond the capabilities-technology that the firm needs to exploit (manufacturing, marketing, redistribution channels, service, reputation, brand and complementary technologies) Blue ocean- The author focuses on the need to put aside destructive competition between companies if you want to be a winner in the future, expanding the horizons of the market and create value through innovation. the author differentiates two most common competitive situations in any industry: blue oceans and red oceans. Red oceans represent all the industries that exist today, while blues symbolize business ideas currently unknown. In red oceans industries limits are well defined and are accepted as they are. The more competitors there are, the benefits and growth opportunities diminish, products are standardized to the maximum and competition becomes bloody. By contrast blue oceans are characterized by the creation of markets in areas that are not currently exploited, and that create opportunities for sustained profitable growth and long-term 3. INNOVATIVE COMPANIES This are some examples of successful companies Huawei The Chinese company based in Shenzhen has reached the second position as a provider of telecommunications equipment, ahead of Alcatel Lucent and Nokia. He recently defeated by Nokia Siemens and Ericsson 4G system contract in Norway. This year has reached its global market share to 20%. Apple Apple company has won the award in the categories of gadgets and music. In less than two years, their App Store and sells more than 140,000 applications, and users have downloaded 3 billion to them. He has also continued to develop its iTunes music unit with organic growth and acquisitions as Lala. He has also been able to control an increasingly fiercer distribution channels Google Google has come out victorious in the mobile category (with a 86% share of searches) and video (where YouTube is the top server). Google has been a exelent company to launch new products, as Smartphone Nexus One, Android, operates the largest digital library market . First Solar For years, the race of the global photovoltaic industry has been to minimize the cost of energy production in order to compete with other energy sources. First Solar was the first company to lower the barrier to a dollar per watt, and by the end of 2009 was $ 0.85 Novartis The Swiss drug maker is a constant generator of ideas, after focusing its R D in rare diseases and vaccine development. The Food and Drug Administration has approved no less than nine new drugs last year. refeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee environmental effect it can be define the organizational environment as all the elements that significantly influence the daily operations of the company, dividing them into two: micro environment and macro environment. Microenvironment This consists in real people and organizations with whom they interact with the company. Among the main ones include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Customers: constituted by groups of persons or institutions who buy the goods and use the services of the organization. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Providers: Providers are company specific, both information and funding, as the raw material that the company needs to operate. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Competition: specific companies that offer goods and services identical or similar to the same groups of customers or clients. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ regulators: who are the agencies and government representatives at the local, state and national laws that punish and regulations affecting business operations within a given country. macroenvironment: understand the social forces that affect the whole microenvironment and includes demographic forces, economic, natural, technological, political, cultural and competitive. Competitive environment, every company must take into account its size and position in the industry with respect to its competitors. To survive, a company must meet the needs and desires of consumers better than does the competition. Economic environment: involves factors affecting purchasing power and spending patterns of consumers. Purchasing power depends on income, prices, savings and credit of the moment Technological environment: the most dramatic force that shapes our destiny is technology. Political environment: consists of laws, government agencies and pressure groups that influence and limit the activities of various organizations and individuals in society. Cultural Environment: includes institutions and other forces affecting the valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, perceptions, preferences and behaviors of society LIDERSHIP Leadership has been defined as the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for the achievement of the objectives of the group. By group we mean a small group, a sector of the organization, an organization. What matters is the organizational leadership in the field. From this definition arise two key areas of leadership: 1) The intellectual process of thinking about the objectives of the organization. 2) The human factor, that is, influence people to voluntarily strive to achieve the objectives. John P. Kotter, in his book The Leadership Factor (1988), says that leadership is characterized by the following: 1) Develop a vision of what should be the organization and generate the necessary strategies to implement the vision. 2) Achieve a network cooperative human resources, which involves a group of highly motivated and committed to make the vision a reality. The definition of leadership cited at the beginning contains a key word voluntarily, which could also be translated as willingly. Not just about influencing people to do but to voluntarily strive to corresponding targets. Approaches These approaches are based on the study of behavior rather than on the depth of personality traits of substantival theories. The most important contributions in this regard have been those of: Theory X and Y Mc Gregor Theory X leads to an autocratic leader performance, and the Y theorie leads to a participatory performance. But being a one-dimensional approach that works with a single variable, the use of authority by the person who leads, is not accourate enough to explain its complexity as is leadership Likert management systems Formulated a model with intermediate degrees between X and Y. To Likert best to lead a team corresponds to a participatory behaviour Likert found that management under the participatory system were most effective and in which showed the best motivation. He built a very comprehensive questionnaire on organizational characteristics, that tests 18 variables classified in the categories Leadership, Motivation, Communication, and others. Its main limitation is that it is only useful in cases where it is intended to improve the lead making it more participatory. In this sense it is more applicable to small groups and instructed personnel. The Managerial Grid of Blake and Mouton This marriage of researchers was able to define a model based on the intersection of two variables: the concern for people and concern for production. While five main positions are standardized, the grid gives possibilities to eighty-one intersection between the two variables. The main contribution is to show that both variables are called mutually. It would be hard to imagine good long-term gains without a committed and motivated personnel. Without doubt, the greatest value of this approach is that it breaks the paradigm dimensional. However, the main criticism he has received is that indicate a unique driving style as best for all circumstances. CHANGE MANAGEMENT It is a process by which organizations move from the present state to a future state,changing in order to increase their effectiveness. A Process to achieve better efficiency, in which an organization achieves its objectives. organizational efficiency is amount of resources the organization has ,to be used to produce a number of products. Levels change When focused on the organization as a whole, we see that this can be divided into four levels at the time of analyzing the changes: Strategic level: proposing a change in the overall objectives of the organization, both in terms of its essential orientation of vision and their reason for their mission. Structural level: proposes a change in the organizational structures, it involves changing authority relations, the coordination mechanisms, redesigning jobs, or similar structural variables Technical level: technology change encompasses changes in how work is processed and the methods and equipment used. Human level: people change refers to changes in attitudes, skills, expectations, perceptions and behavior of employees, including, in turn, according to Daft and Steers (1992) four types of changes: patterns of interaction, skills in human relations and in the basic attitudes, values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and motivations of individuals. Thereby changing the behavior of individuals and groups requires the transformation of one or more of the aforementioned levels (Quoted in Romeo, 1999). Models of organizational change Many models are used to carry out or try to explain, in an effective way, the process of change, example is the model of Lewin. Lewin (1951) develops a dynamic theory, which explains that the the behavior is a function of the individuals interaction with his social environment, essentially based on the different groups to which the person belongs. it should focus not only on the individual in isolation, but in this within their social environment, taking as unit change the social group to which the individual belongs. The status quo of the organization, to Lewin (1951) is a state of dynamic equilibrium between forces that tend to help the organization and forces that tend to counteract or prevent wrong decitions, and to effect a change is necessary to break that dynamic balance between these forces. unfreezing is the name given to this initial process where old ideas or practices are suppressed by new ones and can be induced by increasing the driving forces of change growing perception of benefits associated with this, by reducing the resistance or obstacles to change, or combination of both. Following the Change in which new ideas practices. then comes refreezing ,requiring the integration of new insights into the structure of the organizational system . The refreezing state marks the return of the organization to a dynamic balance of forces that support or restrict any intervention. Critical analysis 4. INTRO Few companies can be described as revolutionary and successful, changing markets and consumer behaviours, apple is one of them, a remarkable company that over time has created an identity and an image that impacted in their followers. The technological direction of the company began to build in 1971 when they met Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. The former is responsible for creating the first Apple computer, while the latter promoted among the major supporters of computing and digital electronics shops. Apple has begun a career that has had its ups and downs due to different administration, Steve Jobs being the most successful, turning the company into one of the largest in history But what does make it a success? Innovation, the key of success, which leads to a competitive advantage. From the beginning of Apples history in 1976, Steve Jobs, the soul of the company, had a different view of its competitors, looking distinguished among its rivals, seeking exclusivity and novelty, as jobs mention, I want to bring an easy to use computer to the market. From here we can analyze that jobs from the start thinking like a consumer, which would win the loyalty of its customers. With the launch of Apple II the computer revolution began, having as the main rival IBM. But what type of innovation strategy do they have at that time? Clearly the development of their products were made by them within their company, all the ideas were in apple, As mentioned in the textbook Apple practised to horizontal and vertical integration relied on its own property design A classic type of linear model innovation, as mentioned in the literature review. Basic research Applied research Development Commercialization The challenges started when IBM developed a faster processor and the use of an open operative system(ms dos) Limitating the sofwares that apple had developed,as well as the slow processor speed, and falling 62% of apple net income between 1982 and 1983 leading to a crisis in the company and the dismissal of Steve Jobs. With the entry of Sculley as CEO, apple tried to gain space in a new market, education, which were driven by its high technology softwares, they recover their market share and stabilized at 8% as (referred in the case study) As the philosophy of Jobs to make things simple, Sculley introduce plug and play peripherals which allow overpricing their products. 4.1 THE STRATEGY At this stage the revenues came from exclusivity rather than cheap products and apple still producing their own monitors, chips and disk drivers, keeping the classic innovation model. But now apple forge and alliance with their main rival, IBM ,creating 2 joint ventures in order to produce new operating systems and multimedia applications, Sculley was replaced in June 1993 by Michael splinder. It was a good decision to change the management? With the new management, changes were inevitable, apple started licence many companies to make Mac clones, trying to reduce costs, which was a poor decision made by splinder, apple lost 69 billion dollars in 1996 After 12 years Steve Jobs returned and became the interim CEO of apple 4.2 NEW BEGINING, NEW IDEAS, INNOVATION With the return of Steve Jobs, Apple returned to the path of innovation. Not only in technology but also in the strategy and business model. For example: Opening its own stores to broaden the scope of the external distribution channel. For the first time apple open and online store to set up direct sales They invest more money on Research and Development Decrease its inventory In 1998 apple gained real profit from their all in one computer, iMac, that could support Microsofts peripherals for the first time. With jobs in command, the company started to reshape quickly. Those were signs that the course was on track, Apple posted a profit of 309 million Dollars 4.3 NEW STRATEGY-BLUE OCEAN The real revolution of apple came with uncontested line of products, the reinvention of portable music devices, the telephone and the tablet. Apple had an outstanding strategy, the digital hub strategy, Mac became the preferred hub to control, integrate and add value to these devices. All started with the iPod As the theory of Blue Ocean, in order to create a new market and escape from the battling Red Ocean a company have to be innovative, different. Apple launched a new concept of music device, the iPod Blue ocean strategy quick analysis (BASED ON IPOD DEVICE) 1. Increase: the music storage can store up to 1000 songs 2. Reduce: energy consumption, up to 10 hours battery 3. Create: ultra portable high performance device, iTunes 4. Eliminate: old concept of music device. Through this commitment to innovation on all fronts in which focused, Apple managed to gain success as 60% of the digital music market. With the iPod, Apple has done what he does best: offer a product Innovative, bringing together high technology, attractive design and a simple interface use. And with its iTunes online store, Jobs offered an innovative business model. iPhone A new revolution of the company would begin with the launch of the iPhone in 2007, a multimedia smart phone with Internet access, touch screen and a minimal hardware interface. His success was such that it would be awarded the Invention of the Year by Time magazine in 2009, Apogee has maintained that through the sale of new issues as the iPhone 3G, iPhone 3GS and iPhone 4 iPad With a revolutionary concept between smartphone and a laptop (which would later be called tablet), the company lashes out in early 2010 to introduce its new device called iPad. Its multitouch capabilities, wide screen, its innovative design and powerful hardware allowed him to position itself as the most popular product of the year. However not all inventions made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹by apple where sucesful, not always an Innovative product will be succesful, for instance the Mac Mini and the Apple TV were a failure, But why? Because they havent figured out the right way to create a compelling TV product Most of their best selling products are based on an apple operative system, and a TV box does not need that. Microenvironment FACTORS-SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: Apple is one of the marks of technological innovation in the worlds largest entertainment. It has a large number of fans who admire the quality of their products. Such loyalty guarantees the permanence of its customers and generates the attraction of new consumers. In turn, Apple products are easy to handle and excellent quality. Weaknesses: Apple has been criticized for antenna problems on its latest iPhone. Moreover, its admission policies iTunes Store applications and user freedom are very restrictive. The costs of their products are usually a little higher. Opportunities: The mobile market is expanding and Apple can leverage its established position in digital distribution. In the course of time, Apple has made a huge acepatacià ³n the AppStore (billion download until this year) developed by various groups of programmers in the world. Furthermore, due to its success, Apple is an interesting market for investment, which has benefited the company in times of crisis. Threats: There is increasing competition in the technology market. Market companies are quick to market with products like the iPhone or iPad. To remain in place, Apple should invest more in research and technological development. Economic crisis. ChNGE Recall that after having problems with the top management of the company he founded, Jobs was fired from Apple Computer in 1985, later founding the company NeXT, which was reabsorbed by the very Apple Computer in 1997, where Jobs is president ( CEO) since. 1. Changes in the board of the company that meant a renewed confidence in the company and markedly increased the stock price of the company. 2. The re-purchase of the licenses the use of PowerPC 750 (G3) of all companies that could make Mac clones (yes, there was a time that I had), so the company re-take control of the hardware in running your operating system. Start of organizational change Create a culture Reduce by 50% to 10% Research Development, and removed the unnecessary worker Launches first product of the new era Jobs. The IMAC computer without a tower, and of different colors, with cd, and no floppy. Jobs realizes the market opportunity that I had in music. After the success of Napster. AND ITUNES product launches, to the IMAC. And you create a culture, a style the best philosophy that a company can have. The music. Sony created the personal music player but did not use the MP3 market 3. The announcement of the Power Mac G3 in November 1997 (new flag) These changes Apple made were to have a profitable quarter ($ 47 million). But after more decisions were taken that catapulted the company to a winning streak that continues to this day: 1. Drastically reduced hardware production line of the company. 2. Because of this reduction is greatly simplified product offering Apple aside rare model names (most identified by numbers) and variations that just confused the current and future customers. 3. The announcement of the iMac and PowerBook G3 in May 1998. Thus Apples offer was reduced to three elements: * Advanced Desktops: PowerMac G3. * Equipment for home desktop: iMac. * Portable: PowerBook G3. 4. Completing hardware divisions that reported earnings as Newton, production printers and accessories. Significantly simplifying the internal structure of Apple. 5. It starts selling the iMac on August 15, 1998 and became the fastest computer sold in history. Apple went from a quarterly loss of $ 740 million in June 1997 to gains above the $ 100 million per quarter in July 1998. In 2009, Apple reported profits over 8 billion dollars per quarter Leadership When analyzing the personality of Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple, there are many features that spring to mind to describe this technological genius who profoundly influenced a new generation with products like the iPod, iPad and iTunes. Some, stand for the rest of the business in its category. For example, a person was extremely perfectionist with each of the products created, intuitive to realize that products would have positive results and which are not, studious because researching every detail of your market and competition, and charismatic, because enthused employees to perform their work in a better way. While these qualities we find in some other successful entrepreneurs in their areas, the fact is that there is one that is shared by all innovative leaders: curiosity. Thats because the primary secret of success of Steve Jobs lay in his curiosity, according to Forbes, for example, curiosity led him to study calligraphy, which could create fonts that Apple made known to its original design. Even the same curiosity led him to travel to India to study Eastern mysticism and Zen Buddhism, to seek simplicity of design. And it was precisely this feature which became known as Apple technology company worldwide. This shows that the top executives are not always the most skilled, but are those who exploit the curiosity the most, as their ideas generate creative and successful business. In fact, one of the most famous phrases of Steve Jobs is when you innovate, you run the risk of wrong. Admit and innovates again. This reflects the spirit of entrepreneurship and creativity. Jobs was ahead of his time and embodied everything we thought it would be impossible to do. So do not doubt your ideas or your impulses. If your curiosity leads to new business plan, try. Maybe you can turn those ideas into big business to take you to achieve success in your caption and recognition among your competitors 6. CONCLUSION With the case study over, it has been learned the importance of innovation and the impact that it has in companies around the world, such is apple and its successful history. Also it is important to point out the influence of the strategic planning in order to gain competitive advantage among competitors it has been shown the importance of good management in critical situation and how it can affect the overall direction of a company. the blue ocean strategy has provided relevant information for the understanding of creating opportunities in new markets, for instance in the case of apple, the innovative idea of Steve jobs in the creation of the iPod, iPhone and iPad in the technological market made apple an outstanding successful company in the 21st century despite the fact of the global recession For the purposes of further research this assignment is for free use DANIEL LIZARRAGA References Medina Salgado Espindola and Espinosa 1994 Freeman, C., 1982 the economics of industrial innovation pg 56 Peter Drucker 1985 Innovation and Entrepreneurship pg 28-pg29 Steve Jobs 2005 Stanford university speech Henry Chesbrough Open Services Innovation: Rethinking Your Business to Grow and Compete in a New Era pg 66 Telegraph 2011